{"id":3742,"date":"2020-11-06T01:01:43","date_gmt":"2020-11-05T22:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/?p=3742"},"modified":"2021-10-13T19:53:32","modified_gmt":"2021-10-13T16:53:32","slug":"homojen-ve-heterojen-karsimlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/karisimlar\/homojen-ve-heterojen-karsimlar\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Homojen ve Heterojen Kar\u015f\u0131mlar"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Maddeler\">Maddeler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Karisimlar\">Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Karisimlarin_Ozellikleri\">Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Karisimlarin_Siniflandirilmasi\">Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Heterojen_Karisimlar\">Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Heterojen_karisimlarin_ozellikleri_sunlardir\">Heterojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornekler\">\u00d6rnekler:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Heterojen_Karisimlarin_Turleri\">Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n T\u00fcrleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#I_Adi_Karisimlar\">I) Adi Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#II_Emulsiyonlar\">II) Em\u00fclsiyonlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#III_Suspansiyonlar\">III) S\u00fcspansiyonlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#IV_Aerosoller\">IV) Aerosoller<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#V_Kolloidal_Karisimlar\">V) Kolloidal Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Homojen_Karisimlar_Cozeltiler\">Homojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar (\u00c7\u00f6zeltiler)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Homojen_karisimlarin_ozellikleri_sunlardir\">Homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornekler-2\">\u00d6rnekler:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cozelti\">\u00c7\u00f6zelti<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kolloid\">Kolloid<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Suspansiyon\">S\u00fcspansiyon<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cozunme_Olayi\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Olay\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Yemek_Tuzunun_Suda_Cozunmesi\">Yemek Tuzunun Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Solvatasyon_ve_Hidratasyon\">Solvatasyon ve Hidratasyon<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Zayif_Etkilesimler\">Zay\u0131f Etkile\u015fimler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cozunme_Olayinin_Asamalari\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Olay\u0131n\u0131n A\u015famalar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Benzer_Benzerde_Iyi_Cozunur\">Benzer Benzerde \u0130yi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek-2\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kati-Sivi-Gaz_Cozeltiler\">Kat\u0131-S\u0131v\u0131-Gaz \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kati_Cozeltiler\">Kat\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sivi_Cozeltiler\">S\u0131v\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Gaz_Cozeltiler\">Gaz \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Elektrolit_Cozeltiler\">Elektrolit \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cozeltilerde_Derisim\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde Deri\u015fim<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Doymus_ve_Doymamis_Cozeltiler\">Doymu\u015f ve Doymam\u0131\u015f \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Derisik_ve_Seyreltik_Cozeltiler\">Deri\u015fik ve Seyreltik \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Derisim_Birimleri\">Deri\u015fim Birimleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1_Kutlece_Yuzde_Derisim_mm\">1) K\u00fctlece Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim (m\/m)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-3\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-4\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-5\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-6\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-7\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2_Hacimce_Yuzde_Derisim_VV\">2) Hacimce Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim (V\/V)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-8\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3_Kutle_Hacim_Yuzdesi_mV\">3) K\u00fctle Hacim Y\u00fczdesi (m\/V)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-9\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4_ppm_Turunden_Derisim_Milyonda_Bir_Kisim\">4) ppm T\u00fcr\u00fcnden Deri\u015fim (Milyonda Bir K\u0131s\u0131m)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazi_Yaygin_Cozeltiler\">Baz\u0131 Yayg\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#I_Cesme_Suyu\">I) \u00c7e\u015fme Suyu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#II_Deniz_Suyu\">II) Deniz Suyu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#III_Serum\">III) Serum<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#IV_Kolonya\">IV) Kolonya<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#80o_Seksen_Derece_Kolonya\">80o (Seksen Derece) Kolonya<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#70o_Yetmis_Derece_Kolonya\">70o (Yetmi\u015f Derece) Kolonya<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kolonyanin_Kokusu\">Kolonyan\u0131n Kokusu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kolonyanin_Son_Kullanma_Tarihi\">Kolonyan\u0131n Son Kullanma Tarihi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#V_Sekerli_Su\">V) \u015eekerli Su<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cozelti_Hazirlama\">\u00c7\u00f6zelti Haz\u0131rlama<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek-10\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cozeltilerin_Ozellikleri\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Cozeltilerin_Donma_Noktasi\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin Donma Noktas\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kisin_Yollara_Tuz_Atilmasi\">K\u0131\u015f\u0131n Yollara Tuz At\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Arabalara_Antifriz_Donma_Engelleyici_Konulmasi\">Arabalara Antifriz (Donma Engelleyici) Konulmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cozeltilerin_Kaynama_Noktasi\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin Kaynama Noktas\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar, Homojen ve heterojen kar\u0131mlar, olarak iki s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, gelin, &#8220;Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m&#8221; ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz bu maddeleri tan\u0131yal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Maddeler\">Maddeler<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7evremizde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz b\u00fct\u00fcn maddeler \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Maddelerin-Siniflandirilmasi-Saf-Madde-Karisim.jpg\" alt=\"Maddelerin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-4755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Maddelerin-Siniflandirilmasi-Saf-Madde-Karisim.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Maddelerin-Siniflandirilmasi-Saf-Madde-Karisim-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Maddelerin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Karisimlar\">Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"199\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Emulsiyon.jpg\" alt=\"Ya\u011f-Su Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3760\"\/><figcaption>Ya\u011f-Su Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-purple-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Elementler ve bile\u015fikler saf maddelerdir yani kesinlikle yaln\u0131z maddelerdir. Onlara bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m demek \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f olur.<br><br>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n ad\u0131ndan belli zaten, en az iki tane saf maddeyi, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsak bir <strong>kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m<\/strong> olu\u015fur.<br><br>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan maddelere, <strong>kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bile\u015fenleri<\/strong> denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar, saf maddelerin birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f halidir. Tabiatta, neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn maddeler, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m halindedir. Her madde az ya da \u00e7ok ba\u015fka bir madde ile birlikte bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesela; hava bir gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Havan\u0131n bile\u015fenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>%78 N<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/li><li>%21 O<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/li><li>%1 CO<sub>2(g)<\/sub> ve di\u011fer gazlar<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Karisimlarin_Ozellikleri\">Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Saf madde de\u011fildirler.<\/li><li>Belirli form\u00fclleri yoktur.<\/li><li>Farkl\u0131 kimyasal t\u00fcrler (atom, molek\u00fcl, iyon) i\u00e7erir.<\/li><li>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturan maddeler kendi \u00f6zelliklerini kaybetmez.<\/li><li>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturan maddelerin miktarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda belirli bir oran yoktur. Maddeler, hangi oranda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa kar\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olu\u015fur.<\/li><li>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar fiziksel yollarla olu\u015fur ve bile\u015fenlerine fiziksel yollarla ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri, kar\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir (erime noktas\u0131, kaynama noktas\u0131, \u00f6z k\u00fctle\u2026).<\/li><li>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n k\u00fctleleri bile\u015fenlerin k\u00fctleleri toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir fakat kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n hacmi bile\u015fenlerin hacimleri toplam\u0131na e\u015fit olmayabilir.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Karisimlarin_Siniflandirilmasi\">Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015flerine g\u00f6re iki s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Homojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar (\u00c7\u00f6zeltiler)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/strong><ol><li><strong>Adi Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar (Kat\u0131 &#8211; Kat\u0131)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Em\u00fclsiyonlar (S\u0131v\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>S\u00fcspansiyonlar (Kat\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Aerosoller (Gaz &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131 veya Gaz &#8211; Kat\u0131)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Kolloidal Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar (Bulan\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131lar)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Heterojen_Karisimlar\">Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Heterojen-Karisimlar-Kumlu-Su.jpg\" alt=\"Kumlu Su Bir Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r\" class=\"wp-image-3772\"\/><figcaption>Kumlu Su Bir Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Heterojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, tek bir madde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, birden fazla maddenin kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heterojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarda, kar\u0131\u015fan maddeler birbirinde ya hi\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmemi\u015ftir ya da tam bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 fazlar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Heterojen_karisimlarin_ozellikleri_sunlardir\">Heterojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Her yerinde ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermez.<\/li><li>Heterojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturan bile\u015fenler kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mda e\u015fit da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m birden fazla faza sahiptir. Genellikle birden fazla madde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kolayca ay\u0131rt edilebilir.<\/li><li>Bile\u015fenler g\u00f6zle veya \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemleriyle ay\u0131rt edilebilir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornekler\">\u00d6rnekler:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddeler heterojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kumlu su<\/li><li>Duman<\/li><li>Sis<\/li><li>Ya\u011fl\u0131 su<\/li><li>\u00c7orba<\/li><li>Salata<\/li><li>Toprak<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Heterojen_Karisimlarin_Turleri\">Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n T\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"I_Adi_Karisimlar\">I) Adi Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Karisimlar.jpg\" alt=\"Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\" class=\"wp-image-3739\" width=\"200\" height=\"235\"\/><figcaption>Adi Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f kat\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu heterojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar <strong>adi kar\u015f\u0131m<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Adi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kum-tuz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>Tebe\u015fir tozu-kum kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>K\u00fck\u00fcrt tozu-demir tozu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>Kum-odun tala\u015f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>Kum-\u00e7ak\u0131l kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"II_Emulsiyonlar\">II) Em\u00fclsiyonlar<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Emulsiyon.jpg\" alt=\"Ya\u011f-Su Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3760\" width=\"200\"\/><figcaption>Em\u00fclsiyon: Ya\u011f-Su Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Birbirinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. Em\u00fclsiyonlarda, s\u0131v\u0131lardan hafif olan \u00fcstte, a\u011f\u0131r olan ise altta toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Em\u00fclsiyon \u00f6rnekleri:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ya\u011f-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>Benzin-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>Mazot-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>CCl<sub>4<\/sub> (Karbon tetraklor\u00fcr)-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"III_Suspansiyonlar\">III) S\u00fcspansiyonlar<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Heterojen-Karisimlar-Kumlu-Su.jpg\" alt=\"Kumlu Su Bir Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r\" class=\"wp-image-3772\" width=\"201\"\/><figcaption>S\u00fcspansiyon: Kumlu Su<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ile o s\u0131v\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen bir kat\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Kat\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu s\u0131v\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmedi\u011fi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fcspansiyonlarda, kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131dan daha hafif ise suyun y\u00fczeyinde birikir, s\u0131v\u0131dan daha a\u011f\u0131r ise s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n dibine \u00e7\u00f6ker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u00fcspansiyon \u00f6rnekleri:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kumlu su<\/li><li>Tebe\u015fir tozu-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>Demir tozu-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"IV_Aerosoller\">IV) Aerosoller<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Sis-Aerosol.jpg\" alt=\"Aerosol: Sis\" class=\"wp-image-3838\" width=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Sis-Aerosol.jpg 350w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Sis-Aerosol-300x154.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><figcaption>Aerosol: Sis<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/itici-gazlar.jpg\" alt=\"\u0130tici Gazlar\" class=\"wp-image-3060\" width=\"200\"\/><figcaption>Aerosol: Sprey<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Aerosoller, gaz\u0131-kat\u0131 veya gaz-s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r. Yani; hava gibi bir gaz\u0131n i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tozlar ya da \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u0131v\u0131 damlac\u0131klar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara aerosol denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aerosol \u00f6rnekleri:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tozlu hava (Gaz-kat\u0131)<\/li><li>Sis (Gaz-s\u0131v\u0131)<\/li><li>Spreylerin p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m (Gaz-s\u0131v\u0131)<\/li><li>Baca duman\u0131 (Gaz-kat\u0131)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"V_Kolloidal_Karisimlar\">V) Kolloidal Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"242\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Kolloidal-Karisimlar.jpg\" alt=\"Kolloidal Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\" class=\"wp-image-3843\"\/><figcaption>Kolloidal Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bulan\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131lard\u0131r. Kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131da da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r fakat yeterince da\u011f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r yani; tam bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolloidal kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar, bulan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ile tan\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tyndall Etkisi<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolloid bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7inden \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yolda iz b\u0131rak\u0131r. Buna <strong>Tyndall (Tindal)<\/strong> etkisi denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"198\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Kolloidal-Tyndall-Isigi.jpg\" alt=\"Tyndall I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3845\"\/><figcaption>Tyndall Etkisi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki resimde, bir homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m (soldaki) ile bir kolloid kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. I\u015f\u0131k, homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan ge\u00e7erken, hi\u00e7 iz b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f fakat kolloidden ge\u00e7erken iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Tyndall etkisi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kolloid \u00d6rnekleri:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u00fct<\/li><li>Kahve<\/li><li>Renkli cam<\/li><li>\u00c7amurlu su<\/li><li>J\u00f6le<\/li><li>Boyalar<\/li><li>Serum<\/li><li>Zamkl\u0131 su<\/li><li>Sabunlu su<\/li><li>Killi su<\/li><li>M\u00fcrekkep<\/li><li>Jel<\/li><li>Kan<\/li><li>Aerosoller ve em\u00fclsiyonlar\u0131n da kolloid olanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Homojen_Karisimlar_Cozeltiler\">Homojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar (\u00c7\u00f6zeltiler)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Homojen-Karisimlar-Cesme-Suyu.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c7e\u015fme Suyu Bir \u00c7\u00f6zeltidir\" class=\"wp-image-3769\"\/><figcaption>\u00c7e\u015fme Suyu Bir \u00c7\u00f6zeltidir<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlayamay\u0131z. Kar\u015f\u0131dan tek bir madde gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc; homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarda, maddeler birbiri i\u00e7inde iyice da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir maddenin, ba\u015fka bir madde i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na <strong>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme<\/strong> denir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti yani <strong>homojen kar\u015f\u0131m<\/strong> olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde, miktar\u0131 az olan maddeye <strong>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen<\/strong>, miktar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok olan maddeye ise <strong>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc <\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc su olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere <strong>sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/strong> ya da sadece <strong>\u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/strong> denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u015eeker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi: \u015eekerli su demektir.<\/li><li>Tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi: Tuzlu su demektir.<\/li><li>Etanol\u00fcn sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi: Etanol-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 demektir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Homojen_karisimlarin_ozellikleri_sunlardir\">Homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Her yerinde ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir.<\/li><li>Homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturan bile\u015fenler kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mda e\u015fit da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m tek faza sahiptir, tek madde gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/li><li>Homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n bile\u015fenleri \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemez.<\/li><li>Asitlerin, bazlar\u0131n ve tuzlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletir.<\/li><li>Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ileten \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere elektrolit \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornekler-2\">\u00d6rnekler:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddeler homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hava<\/li><li>\u015eekerli su<\/li><li>Ya\u011fmur suyu<\/li><li>Sirke<\/li><li>Baz\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar (\u00c7elik, bronz, amalgamlar, tun\u00e7&#8230;)<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-4dc87d99-1d05-4af3-8c22-b399825b1cc2\"><li>Tuzlu su<\/li><li>Asitli su<\/li><li>Bazl\u0131 su<\/li><li>Kolonya<\/li><li>Temiz hava<\/li><li>Serum fizyolojik: Su ile tuzdan olu\u015fan bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozelti\">\u00c7\u00f6zelti<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Homojen<\/li><li>Tanecik boyutu 10<sup>-9<\/sup> m\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/li><li>\u00c7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme ile ayr\u0131lmaz.<\/li><li>I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u00e7maz.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kolloid\">Kolloid<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Heterojen<\/li><li>Tanecikler 10<sup>-9<\/sup> m ile 10<sup>-6<\/sup> m aras\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir.<\/li><li>Yer \u00e7ekimi etkisiyle de\u011fil, santrif\u00fcj yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme ile ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u00e7ar (Tyndall etkisi).<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Suspansiyon\">S\u00fcspansiyon<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Heterojen<\/li><li>Tanecikler 10<sup>-6 <\/sup>m\u2019den daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/li><li>Yer \u00e7ekimi etkisiyle \u00e7\u00f6kelerek ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u00e7ar ve absorbe eder.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozunme_Olayi\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Olay\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131, bir maddenin ba\u015fka bir maddenin her yerine da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. en \u00e7ok bilinen \u00f6rneklerden biri, \u015fekerin veya tuzun suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesidir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiyse bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fmu\u015f demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131nda, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kimyasal t\u00fcrleri, bir \u00e7ete gibi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin kimyasal t\u00fcrlerinin etraf\u0131n\u0131 sarararak ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Yemek_Tuzunun_Suda_Cozunmesi\">Yemek Tuzunun Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesela; tuzun suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi olay\u0131nda, su molek\u00fclleri, tuz kristalindeki iyonlar\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 sararak, tuz iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi i\u00e7inde yayar. Bu \u015fekilde, tuz, suyun her yerine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur yani; tuz suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, tuzun suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesini canland\u0131ran bir animasyon verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Solution Formation Animation\" width=\"1170\" height=\"878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zePYWZ2AjnI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Yine, tuzun suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi olay\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131ran ba\u015fka bir animasyon:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"cozunme olayi\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rNRjea6Udlk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Yemek Tuzunun Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi Animasyonu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuzun suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi olay\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131ran bir animasyon daha:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Water Dissolves Salt\" width=\"1170\" height=\"878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xdedxfhcpWo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Yemek Tuzunun Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi Animasyonu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Solvatasyon_ve_Hidratasyon\">Solvatasyon ve Hidratasyon<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin kimyasal t\u00fcrlerinin etraf\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kimyasal t\u00fcrleri taraf\u0131ndan sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu olaya <strong>solvatasyon <\/strong>denir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc su ise, bu olaya <strong>hidratasyon <\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Etraf\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kimyasal t\u00fcrleri taraf\u0131ndan sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir iyona, <strong>solvatize iyon<\/strong> denir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc su ise bu iyona <strong>hidratize iyon<\/strong> denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"447\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Solvatasyon-Hidratasyon.jpg\" alt=\"Solvatasyon ve Hidratasyon\" class=\"wp-image-3868\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Solvatasyon-Hidratasyon.jpg 591w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Solvatasyon-Hidratasyon-300x227.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><figcaption>Tuz \u0130yonlar\u0131n\u0131n Hidratasyonu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Zayif_Etkilesimler\">Zay\u0131f Etkile\u015fimler<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Solvatasyon olay\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Dipol-dipol etkile\u015fimi<\/strong>: \u0130ki polar kimyasal t\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde kurulur.<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O ile CO kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u0130nd\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol-\u0130nd\u00fcklenmi\u015f dipol etkile\u015fimi<\/strong>: \u0130ki apolar kimyasal t\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde kurulur.<ul><li>CCl<sub>4<\/sub> ile I<sub>2<\/sub> \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Dipol-\u0130yon etkile\u015fimi<\/strong>: Polar bir s\u0131v\u0131 ile iyonik ba\u011fl\u0131 bir bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde kurulur.<ul><li>Tuzlu su<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131:<\/strong> \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin kimyasal t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 kurulabiliyorsa, bu iki madde birbirini \u00e7ok iyi \u00e7\u00f6zer.<ul><li>Su-amonyak (NH<sub>3<\/sub>) \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi<\/li><li>Su-alkol \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zay\u0131f etkile\u015fimler ile ilgili detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da dersi okuyun:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/kimyasal-turler-arasi-etkilesimler\/zayif-etilesimler\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zay\u0131f Etkile\u015fimler (Kimya 9)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Su, polar bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr. Yemek tuzunun suya verdi\u011fi Na<sup>+<\/sup> ve Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> t\u00fcrleri birer iyondur. Tuzlu suda, su molek\u00fclleri ile tuzun iyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda iyon-dipol etkile\u015fimleri olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde, kesikli \u00e7izgiler, su molek\u00fclleri ile tuz iyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulan <strong>dipol-iyon<\/strong> etkile\u015fimlerini g\u00f6steriyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/iyon-dipol-etkilesimi.jpg\" alt=\"\u0130yon-Dipol Etkile\u015fimleri\" class=\"wp-image-2935\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/iyon-dipol-etkilesimi.jpg 400w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/iyon-dipol-etkilesimi-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>Tuzlu Suda \u0130yon-Dipol Etkile\u015fimleri<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozunme_Olayinin_Asamalari\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Olay\u0131n\u0131n A\u015famalar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir maddenin, bir ba\u015fka madde i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi, 3 ad\u0131mda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu ad\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcy\u00fc olu\u015fturan kimyasal t\u00fcrlerin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li><li>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcneni olu\u015fturan kimyasal t\u00fcrlerin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li><li>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen taneciklerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc tanecikleri taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Kat\u0131 veya s\u0131v\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc maddenin kimyasal t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda zay\u0131f etkile\u015fimler vard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, kat\u0131 veya s\u0131v\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin kimyasal t\u00fcrleri de birbirine zay\u0131f etkile\u015fimler ile tutunurlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kimyasal t\u00fcrleri ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin kimyasal t\u00fcrleri de, birbirine zay\u0131f etkile\u015fimler ile tutunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Benzer_Benzerde_Iyi_Cozunur\">Benzer Benzerde \u0130yi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Polar bir madde polar bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Apolar bir madde de apolar bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu kural, genel olarak &#8220;Benzer benzerde iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.&#8221; \u015feklinde ifade edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da; polar ve apolar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclere baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Polar-ve-Apolar-Cozuculer.jpg\" alt=\"Baz\u0131 Polar ve Apolar \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler\" class=\"wp-image-6322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Polar-ve-Apolar-Cozuculer.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Polar-ve-Apolar-Cozuculer-300x104.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption>Baz\u0131 Polar ve Apolar \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Polar ve apolar maddeler hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki derse \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/kimyasal-turler-arasi-etkilesimler\/zayif-etilesimler\/#Polar_8211_Apolar_Molekuller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Polar &#8211; Apolar Molek\u00fcller (Kimya 9)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-2\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, baz\u0131 maddeler ve polarl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Benzen: Apolar bir maddedir.<\/li><li>Su: Polar bir maddedir.<\/li><li>Hekzan: Apolar bir maddedir.<\/li><li>\u0130yot: Apolar bir maddedir.<\/li><li>Yemek tuzu: Polar bir maddedir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Buna g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinin bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olmas\u0131 beklenir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A) Su &#8211; Benzen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<br>B) Su &#8211; Hekzan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<br>C) Benzen &#8211; Hekzan Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<br>D) Su &#8211; \u0130yot kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<br>E) Benzen-Yemek tuzu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benzen ve Hekzan maddelerinin ikisi de apolard\u0131r, yani birbirlerine benzerler. Bu y\u00fczden, bu ikisinin birbirinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olmas\u0131 beklenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cevap: C<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kati-Sivi-Gaz_Cozeltiler\">Kat\u0131-S\u0131v\u0131-Gaz \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6zeltiler, fiziksel hallerine g\u00f6re kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kati_Cozeltiler\">Kat\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Birbirinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddeler, sonu\u00e7ta kat\u0131 halde kal\u0131yorsa, olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti kat\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesela, metallerin \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri genelde kat\u0131d\u0131r. Metallerin \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine &#8220;<strong>ala\u015f\u0131mlar<\/strong>&#8221; denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ala\u015f\u0131mlar, farkl\u0131 metallerin, erimi\u015f halde (s\u0131v\u0131) iken, birbirlerine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fur. S\u0131v\u0131 halde iken birbirinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen metaller, zamanla donarlar ve kat\u0131 halde bir homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ala\u015f\u0131mlar; paslanmazl\u0131k, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k veya sa\u011flaml\u0131k gibi \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u00f6rnekleri verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background has-text-color has-background wp-block-list\"><li>Pirin\u00e7 (Cu-Zn ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131)<\/li><li>Bronz veya Tun\u00e7 (Cu-Sn ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131)<\/li><li>Alman g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc (Cu-Ni-Zn)<\/li><li>\u00c7elik (Fe-C ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131)<\/li><li>Lehim (Sn-Pb)<\/li><li>G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tak\u0131lar (Ag-Cu)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Sivi_Cozeltiler\">S\u0131v\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Genellikle, sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdir. Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde ba\u015fka bir maddenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015furlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, s\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 30%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%)\"><li>Tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc: Su, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen: Tuz kat\u0131s\u0131)<\/li><li>Kolonya (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc: Etil alkol s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen: Esans ve su s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131)<\/li><li>Antifriz (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc: Su, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen: Etilen glikol s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131)<\/li><li>Gazoz (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc: Su, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen: CO<sub>2<\/sub> gaz\u0131)<\/li><li>Soda (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc: Su: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen: NaHCO<sub>3<\/sub> tuzu)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Gaz_Cozeltiler\">Gaz \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazlar; kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131lardan farkl\u0131 olarak, birbirleriyle her zaman homojen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Yani; iki tane gaz\u0131, ayn\u0131 kaba koydu\u011fumuzda, heterojen bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olu\u015fturmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na \u00f6rnekler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 17%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%)\"><li>Hava (%78 N<sub>2<\/sub> gaz\u0131, %21 O<sub>2<\/sub> gaz\u0131, %1 CO<sub>2<\/sub> ve di\u011fer gazlar)<\/li><li>Do\u011falgaz (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc: Metan gaz\u0131, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen: Etan gaz\u0131, porpan gaz\u0131, b\u00fctan gaz\u0131)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Elektrolit_Cozeltiler\">Elektrolit \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-midnight-gradient-background has-text-color has-background wp-block-list\"><li><em>Asitler, bazlar ve tuzlar<\/em>; suda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/li><li>Suda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddeler, &#8220;<strong>iyonal \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler<\/strong>&#8221; olu\u015fturur.<\/li><li>\u0130yonal \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler,  elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletirler.<\/li><li>Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletene \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere &#8220;<strong>elektrolit \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler<\/strong>&#8221; denir.<\/li><li><em>Alkoller, \u015fekerler<\/em> gibi maddeler, suda molek\u00fcller halinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler.<\/li><li>Suda molek\u00fcler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine, &#8220;<strong>molek\u00fcler \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler<\/strong>&#8221; denir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozeltilerde_Derisim\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde Deri\u015fim<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong>Deri\u015fim<\/strong>, bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin oran\u0131 demektir. Deri\u015fime <strong>konsantrasyon <\/strong>da denir.<br><br>Mesela; bir tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin %10&#8217;u tuz, %90&#8217;\u0131 su ise, bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fimi %10&#8217;dur. Deri\u015fim her zaman \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin oran\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Doymus_ve_Doymamis_Cozeltiler\">Doymu\u015f ve Doymam\u0131\u015f \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#647985\">Daha fazla madde \u00e7\u00f6zemeyecek durumda olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere <strong>doyumu \u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/strong> denir.<br><br>Daha fazla madde \u00e7\u00f6zebilecek durumdaki \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere <strong>doymam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/strong> denir.<br><br>100 gram veya 100 mL suyu doyuran madde miktar\u0131na <strong>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong> denir.<br><br>Her maddenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kendine \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr, bu y\u00fczden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck maddeler i\u00e7in ay\u0131rt edici bir \u00f6zelliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nas\u0131l insanlar\u0131n midesinin bir kapasitesi varsa, suyun da bir \u00e7ok madde i\u00e7in bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suda yemek tuzu \u00e7\u00f6zmek istersek, 100 gram su, yakla\u015f\u0131k 35 gram tuzdan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zemeyecektir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc; 35 gram tuz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnce su doyacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti, daha fazla madde \u00e7\u00f6zemiyorsa, doygunlu\u011fa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f demektir. Doygunlu\u011fa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde eklersek, ekledi\u011fimiz madde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeden kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Derisik_ve_Seyreltik_Cozeltiler\">Deri\u015fik ve Seyreltik \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c3590d\">Deri\u015fik \u00e7\u00f6zeltide, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin oran\u0131 (deri\u015fimi) daha \u00e7oktur; seyreltik \u00e7\u00f6zeltide ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin oran\u0131 daha azd\u0131r.<br><br>Deri\u015fik \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere, <strong>konsantre \u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/strong> de denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rnek olarak; tek \u015fekerli bir \u00e7ay, iki \u015fekerli bir \u00e7aya g\u00f6re seyreltik bir \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir; iki \u015fekerli \u00e7ay daha deri\u015fiktir. Fakat; iki \u015fekerli \u00e7ay da, \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fekerli \u00e7ay ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha seyreltik olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"267\" height=\"198\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Derisik-Cozelti.jpg\" alt=\"Konsantre Meyve Sular\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3898\"\/><figcaption>Konsantre Meyve Sular\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnek olarak, konsantre meyve sular\u0131, normal meyve sular\u0131na g\u00f6re daha deri\u015fiktir. Yani, konsantre meyve sular\u0131nda, meyve aromas\u0131 oran\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, konsantre \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r sular\u0131 da, normal \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r sular\u0131ndan daha deri\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Derisim_Birimleri\">Deri\u015fim Birimleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fimini  hesaplamak i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin miktar\u0131n\u0131 bilmek genellikle yeterlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6zeltideki maddelerin miktarlar\u0131, bazen k\u00fctle olarak bazen de hacim olarak verilir. \u0130\u015fte verilen birime g\u00f6re, bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fimini ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>K\u00fctlece Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim (m\/m)<\/li><li>Hacimce Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim (V\/V)<\/li><li>K\u00fctle Hacim Y\u00fczdesi (m\/V)<\/li><li>ppm (Milyonda bir k\u0131s\u0131m)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Gelin bu deri\u015fim y\u00f6ntemlerini yak\u0131ndan inceleyelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"1_Kutlece_Yuzde_Derisim_mm\">1) K\u00fctlece Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim (m\/m)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fctlenin sembol\u00fc &#8220;<strong>m<\/strong>&#8221; harfi, birimi de &#8220;<strong>gram<\/strong>&#8221; ve katlar\u0131d\u0131r. Yani, k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi hesaplamak istiyorsak, \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki maddelerin gram\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fim \u015fu form\u00fclle hesaplan\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"95\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Kutlece-Yuzde-Derisim.jpg\" alt=\"K\u00fctlece Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim\" class=\"wp-image-3906\"\/><figcaption>K\u00fctlece Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131da, k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimin form\u00fcl\u00fc verilmi\u015ftir. Form\u00fclden anl\u0131yoruz ki; k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimini hesaplayabilmek i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin toplam k\u00fctlesine ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin k\u00fctlesine ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin toplam k\u00fctlesini, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesini toplayarak bulabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background has-medium-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#dbefff\"><strong><span style=\"color:#31045b\" class=\"has-inline-color\">m<sub>\u00c7\u00f6zelti<\/sub><\/span> = <span style=\"color:#075438\" class=\"has-inline-color\">m<sub>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc<\/sub> <\/span>+ <span style=\"color:#086141\" class=\"has-inline-color\">m<sub>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen<\/sub><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0c3e5c\">Bir X \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin k\u00fctlece deri\u015fimi %20 ise, bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin, her 100 gram\u0131n\u0131n 20 gram\u0131 X maddesi, 80 gram\u0131 da sudur. Bu mant\u0131k ile, form\u00fcl ezberlemeden, k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fim sorular\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-3\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>40 g \u015feker ve 120 g su kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak \u015fekerli su \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7t\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde \u015fekerdir, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc de sudur. Bu ikisinin toplam\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiyi olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fbf1e9;color:#743000\"><strong>I. YOL: Form\u00fcl ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br><\/strong><br>m<sub>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen<\/sub> = 40 g<br>m<sub>\u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/sub> = 40 + 120 = 160 g<br>Form\u00fcl:<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"76\" class=\"wp-image-3906\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Kutlece-Yuzde-Derisim.jpg\" alt=\"K\u00fctlece Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim\"><br>% = (40\/160) x 100<br>% = 25<br><br><strong>II. YOL: Orant\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br><\/strong><br>160 gram \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 40 gram \u015feker varsa<br>100 gram \u00e7\u00f6zeltide ? gram \u015feker vard\u0131r<br><br>Do\u011fru orant\u0131n\u0131n denklemi kurulur ve ? bulunur:<br>160 . ? = 100 . 40<br>? = 25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cevap: %25<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-4\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>200 gram ve k\u00fctlece %40&#8217;l\u0131k NaCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde ka\u00e7 gram NaCl \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fbf1e9;color:#743000\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin y\u00fczdesi ve k\u00fctlesi belli, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin k\u00fctlesi soruluyor.<br><br><strong>I. YOL: Form\u00fcl ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br><\/strong><br>m<sub>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen<\/sub> = ? g<br>m<sub>\u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/sub> = 200 g<br>% = 40<br>Form\u00fcl:<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"76\" class=\"wp-image-3906\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Kutlece-Yuzde-Derisim.jpg\" alt=\"K\u00fctlece Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim\"><br>Verilenleri form\u00fclde yerine koyal\u0131m:<br>40 = (? \/ 200) x 100<br>40 = ? \/ 2<br>? = 80 g<br><br><strong>II. YOL: Orant\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br><\/strong><br>100 gram \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 40 gram NaCl varsa<br>200 gram \u00e7\u00f6zeltide ? gram NaCl vard\u0131r<br><br>Do\u011fru orant\u0131n\u0131n denklemi kurulur ve ? bulunur:<br>100 . ? = 200 . 40<br>? = 80 g<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cevap: 80 g<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltiye su ekleme veya su buharla\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye, su eklendi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6zelti seyreltilmi\u015f olur ve y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi d\u00fc\u015fer; \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden su buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, \u00e7\u00f6zelti daha deri\u015fik olur ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi artar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye su eklendi\u011finde, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlesi eklenen su kadar artar; \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden su buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlesi, buharla\u015fan su kadar azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6zeltilere su eklendi\u011finde veya buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, son deri\u015fim (%<sub>son<\/sub>) \u015fu form\u00fcl ile hesaplan\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>ilk<\/sub> . m<sub>ilk<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Form\u00fclde;<br>&#8211; <strong>%<sub>ilk<\/sub><\/strong> ve <strong>m<sub>ilk<\/sub><\/strong> de\u011ferleri, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi ve k\u00fctlesi,<br>&#8211; <strong>%<sub>son<\/sub><\/strong> ve <strong>m<sub>son<\/sub><\/strong> de\u011ferleri, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin sonu\u00e7taki y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi ve k\u00fctlesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-5\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fctlece %10\u2019luk 160 g tuzlu su \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 480 g su eklenirse, son \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 olur?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#075f3f\">Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye su eklenirse, su eklendikten sonraki k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fim (%<sub>son<\/sub>) \u015fu form\u00fclle bulunur:<br><strong>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>ilk<\/sub> . m<sub>ilk<\/sub><\/strong><br><br>\u0130lk y\u00fczde ve k\u00fctle:<br>m<sub>ilk<\/sub> = 160 g<br>%<sub>ilk<\/sub> = 10<br><br>Son y\u00fczde ve k\u00fctle:<br>m<sub>son<\/sub> = 160 + 480 = 640 g<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> = ?<br><br>Verilenleri form\u00fclde yerine koyarsak:<br><strong>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>ilk<\/sub> . m<sub>ilk<\/sub><\/strong><br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . 640 = 10 . 160<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> = 2,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cevap: %2,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltileri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler birbiriyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, hepsi bir den bir araya gelerek tek bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015ftururlar. Olu\u015fan bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin, k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimine %<sub>son<\/sub> ve k\u00fctlesine m<sub>son<\/sub> dersek, bu ikisinin \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 \u015funa e\u015fit olur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:19px\"><strong>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>1<\/sub> . m<sub>1<\/sub> + %<sub>2<\/sub> . m<sub>2<\/sub> + %<sub>3<\/sub> . m<sub>3<\/sub> + %<sub>4<\/sub> . m<sub>4<\/sub> +&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Form\u00fclde;<br>&#8211; <strong>%<sub>son<\/sub><\/strong> ve <strong>m<sub>son<\/sub><\/strong> de\u011ferleri, olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zetinin y\u00fczdesi ve toplam k\u00fcltesi,<br>&#8211; %<sub>1<\/sub> . m<sub>1<\/sub> de\u011ferler, kar\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden biricisinin y\u00fczdesi ve k\u00fctlesi,<br>&#8211; %<sub>2<\/sub> . m<sub>2<\/sub> de\u011ferler, kar\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden ikincisinin y\u00fczdesi ve k\u00fctlesi,<br>&#8211; %<sub>3<\/sub> . m<sub>3<\/sub> de\u011ferler, kar\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczdesi ve k\u00fctlesidir.<br>&#8211; %<sub>4<\/sub> . m<sub>4<\/sub> de\u011ferler, kar\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczdesi ve k\u00fctlesidir.<br>&#8211; D\u00f6rtten fazla \u00e7\u00f6zelti kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysa, form\u00fcl, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131t\u0131rlan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0b4689\">D\u0130KKAT! Yukar\u0131daki form\u00fcl kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye:<br>&#8211; Sadece \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen madde eklendi\u011finde, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi %100<br>-Sadece saf su eklendi\u011finde, saf suyun k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi %0<br>al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltiler kar\u0131\u015f\u0131nca, \u00e7\u00f6kme oluyorsa:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong>\u00c7\u00f6zeltiler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin bir miktar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcyorsa (m<sub>\u00e7\u00f6ken<\/sub>), form\u00fcl \u015f\u00f6le olur:<\/strong><br><br><strong>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = (%<sub>1<\/sub> . m<sub>1<\/sub> + %<sub>2<\/sub> . m<sub>2<\/sub> + %<sub>3<\/sub> . m<sub>3<\/sub> + %<sub>4<\/sub> . m<sub>4<\/sub> +&#8230;) &#8211; m<sub>\u00e7\u00f6ken<\/sub><\/strong><br><br>Form\u00fcldeki m<sub>son<\/sub> de\u011feri \u015fudur:<br>m<sub>son<\/sub> = m<sub>toplam<\/sub> &#8211; m<sub>\u00e7\u00f6ken<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-6\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>380 gram ve k\u00fctlece %20&#8217;lik NaNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile 620 gram ve k\u00fctlece %10&#8217;luk NaNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bir \u00e7\u00f6kelme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7t\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#3b4e5e\">\u0130ki \u00e7\u00f6zelti kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u00e7\u00f6kelme olmuyor. Buna g\u00f6re, kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z form\u00fcl \u015fudur:<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>1<\/sub> . m<sub>1<\/sub> + %<sub>2<\/sub> . m<sub>2<\/sub><br><br>Soruda verilenler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<br><br>380 gram ve k\u00fctlece %20&#8217;lik NaNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi:<br>%<sub>1<\/sub> = 20<br>m<sub>1<\/sub> = 380 g<br><br>620 gram ve k\u00fctlece %10&#8217;luk NaNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi:<br>%<sub>2<\/sub> = 10<br>m<sub>2<\/sub> = 620 g<br><br>Bu ikisi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131nca:<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> = ?<br>m<sub>son<\/sub> = 380 + 620 = 1000 g<br><br>Verilenleri form\u00fclde yerine koyal\u0131m, sorulan\u0131 bulal\u0131m:<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>1<\/sub> . m<sub>1<\/sub> + %<sub>2<\/sub> . m<sub>2<\/sub><br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . 1000 = 20 . 380 + 10 . 620<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . 1000 = 7600 + 6200<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> = 13800 \/ 1000<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> = 13,8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cevap: %13,8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-7\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>%20&#8217;lik 200 gram \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine; %40&#8217;l\u0131k 50 gram \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, 140 gram saf su ve 110 gram saf \u015feker kat\u0131s\u0131 ekleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bir \u00e7\u00f6kelme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctlece y\u00fczdesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#3b4e5e\">4 madde birbiri ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u00e7\u00f6kelme olmuyor. Buna g\u00f6re, kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z form\u00fcl \u015fudur:<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>1<\/sub> . m<sub>1<\/sub> + %<sub>2<\/sub> . m<sub>2<\/sub>+ %<sub>3<\/sub> . m<sub>3<\/sub> + %<sub>4<\/sub> . m<sub>4<\/sub><br><br>Soruda verilenler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<br><br>%20&#8217;lik 200 gram \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi:<br>%<sub>1<\/sub> = 20<br>m<sub>1<\/sub> = 200 g<br><br>%40&#8217;l\u0131k 50 gram \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi:<br>%<sub>2<\/sub> = 40<br>m<sub>2<\/sub> = 50 g<br><br>140 gram saf su:<br>%<sub>3<\/sub> = 0<br>m<sub>3<\/sub> = 140 g<br><br>110 gram saf \u015feker kat\u0131s\u0131:<br>%<sub>4<\/sub> = 100<br>m<sub>4<\/sub> = 110 g<br><br>Bu d\u00f6rt madde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131nca:<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> = ?<br>m<sub>son<\/sub> = 200 + 50 + 140 + 110 = 500 g<br><br>Verilenleri form\u00fclde yerine koyal\u0131m, sorulan\u0131 bulal\u0131m:<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . m<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>1<\/sub> . m<sub>1<\/sub> + %<sub>2<\/sub> . m<sub>2<\/sub>+ %<sub>3<\/sub> . m<sub>3<\/sub> + %<sub>4<\/sub> . m<sub>4<\/sub><br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . 500 = 20.200 + 40.50 + 0.140 + 100.110<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> . 500 = 4000 + 2000 + 0 + 11000<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> = 17000 \/ 500<br>%<sub>son<\/sub> = 34<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cevap: %34<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"2_Hacimce_Yuzde_Derisim_VV\">2) Hacimce Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim (V\/V)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Hacmin sembol\u00fc &#8220;<strong>V<\/strong>&#8221; harfi, birimi de &#8220;<strong>Litre<\/strong>&#8221; veya &#8220;<strong>m<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong>&#8221; ve bunlar\u0131n katlar\u0131d\u0131r. Yani, hacimce y\u00fczde deri\u015fimi hesaplamak istiyorsak, \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki maddelerin Litrelerini kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hacimce y\u00fczde deri\u015fim, genellikle, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n birbiri ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin deri\u015fiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hacimce y\u00fczde deri\u015fim \u015fu form\u00fclle hesaplan\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Hacimce-Yuzde-Derisim.jpg\" alt=\"Hacimce Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim\" class=\"wp-image-3934\"\/><figcaption>Hacimce Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Form\u00fclden anl\u0131yoruz ki; hacimce y\u00fczde deri\u015fimini hesaplayabilmek i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin toplam hacmine ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin hacmine ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6zeltinin hacmini, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn hacmini toplayarak bulabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dbefff;font-size:18px\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">V<sub>\u00c7\u00f6zelti<\/sub><\/span> = <span style=\"color:#075438\" class=\"has-inline-color\">V<sub>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc<\/sub> <\/span>+ <span style=\"color:#086141\" class=\"has-inline-color\">V<sub>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen<\/sub><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fctlece y\u00fczde deri\u015fimde verdi\u011fimiz form\u00fcllerde &#8220;<strong>m<\/strong>&#8221; yerine &#8220;<strong>V<\/strong>&#8221; yazarak, ayn\u0131 form\u00fclleri, hacimce y\u00fczde deri\u015fim i\u00e7in de kullanabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc eklendi\u011finde ya da buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>%<sub>son<\/sub> . V<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>ilk<\/sub> . V<sub>ilk<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltileri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:19px\">%<sub>son<\/sub> . V<sub>son<\/sub> = %<sub>1<\/sub> . V<sub>1<\/sub> + %<sub>2<\/sub> . V<sub>2<\/sub> + %<sub>3<\/sub> . V<sub>3<\/sub> + %<sub>4<\/sub> . V<sub>4<\/sub> +&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-8\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>50 cm<sup>3<\/sup> etil alkol ile ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bulunan bir miktar saf su kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p 200 cm<sup>3<\/sup> hacminde bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6zeltide alkol\u00fcn hacimce y\u00fczdesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fbf1e9;color:#743000\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltide, su \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr; alkol \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnendir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin hacimleri verilmi\u015f, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin hacimce y\u00fczdesi soruluyor.<br><br><strong>I. YOL: Form\u00fcl ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br><\/strong><br><strong>V<sub>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen<\/sub> = 50 cm<sup>3<\/sup><br>V<sub>\u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/sub> = 200 cm<sup>3<\/sup><br>% = ?<\/strong><br>Form\u00fcl:<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"75\" class=\"wp-image-3934\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Hacimce-Yuzde-Derisim.jpg\" alt=\"Hacimce Y\u00fczde Deri\u015fim\"><br>Verilenleri form\u00fclde yerine koyal\u0131m:<br>% = (50 \/ 200) x 100<br>% = (1 \/ 4) x 100<br>% = 25<br><br><strong>II. YOL: Orant\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br><\/strong><br>200 cm<sup>3<\/sup> \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 50 cm<sup>3<\/sup> alkol varsa<br>100 cm<sup>3<\/sup> \u00e7\u00f6zeltide ? cm<sup>3<\/sup> alkol vard\u0131r<br><br>Do\u011fru orant\u0131n\u0131n denklemi kurulur ve ? bulunur:<br>200 . ? = 100 . 50<br>? = 25 cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"3_Kutle_Hacim_Yuzdesi_mV\">3) K\u00fctle Hacim Y\u00fczdesi (m\/V)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin k\u00fctlesi, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin ise hacmi hesaba kat\u0131larak bulunan \u00e7\u00f6zelti deri\u015fimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fctle-hacim y\u00fczdesi, genellikle, bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan y\u00fczde deri\u015fimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fctle-hacim y\u00fczdesinin form\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fudur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"99\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Kutle-hacim-Yuzde-Derisim.jpg\" alt=\"K\u00fctle-Hacim Y\u00fczdesi\" class=\"wp-image-3938\"\/><figcaption>K\u00fctle-Hacim Y\u00fczdesi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-9\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, 2 g \u0130yot (I<sub>2<\/sub>) kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, Karbon tetraklor\u00fcr (CCl<sub>4<\/sub>) s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile haz\u0131rlanan 80 mL \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin, k\u00fctle-hacim y\u00fczdesini g\/mL cinsinden bulunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fbf1e9;color:#743000\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltide, Karbon tetraklor\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr; \u0130yot kat\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnendir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin k\u00fctlesi ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin hacmi verilmi\u015f, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin k\u00fctle-hacim y\u00fczdesi soruluyor.<br><br>Y\u00fczde deri\u015fimin, g\/mL cinsinden sorulmas\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 \u015fudur:<br>&#8211; K\u00fctle, gram cinsinden al\u0131nacak<br>&#8211; Hacim, mL cinsinden al\u0131nacak<br>Verilen k\u00fctle ve hacimler zaten gram ve mL olarak verilmi\u015f. Bu y\u00fczden birimler ile ilgili bir sorunumuz yoktur.<br><br><strong>I. YOL: Form\u00fcl ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br><\/strong><br><strong>m<sub>\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen<\/sub> = 2 g<br>V<sub>\u00e7\u00f6zelti<\/sub> = 80 mL<br>% = ?<\/strong><br>Form\u00fcl:<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"79\" class=\"wp-image-3938\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Kutle-hacim-Yuzde-Derisim.jpg\" alt=\"K\u00fctle-Hacim Y\u00fczdesi\"><br>Verilenleri form\u00fclde yerine koyal\u0131m:<br>% = (2 \/ 80) x 100<br>% = (1 \/ 40) x 100<br>% = 2,5<br><br><strong>II. YOL: Orant\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<br><\/strong><br>80 mL \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 2 gram iyot varsa<br>100 mL \u00e7\u00f6zeltide ? gram iyot vard\u0131r<br><br>Do\u011fru orant\u0131n\u0131n denklemi kurulur ve ? bulunur:<br>80 . ? = 100 . 2<br>? = 200 \/ 80<br>? = 20 \/ 8<br>? = 10 \/ 4<br>? = 2,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"4_ppm_Turunden_Derisim_Milyonda_Bir_Kisim\">4) ppm T\u00fcr\u00fcnden Deri\u015fim (Milyonda Bir K\u0131s\u0131m)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kocaman bir g\u00f6lde bir tutam tuz \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Tonlarca suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bir tutam tuzun deri\u015fimi, fark edilmeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle, \u00e7ok \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oranda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnene maddelerin deri\u015fimin &#8220;<strong>ppm<\/strong>&#8221; t\u00fcr\u00fcnden hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ppm, \u0130ngilizce \u201c<em>parts per million<\/em>\u201d (parts p\u00f6r mily\u0131n) kelimelerinin k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015feklidir ve &#8220;<em>milyonda bir k\u0131s\u0131m<\/em>&#8221; anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin deri\u015fimi, \u00e7ok \u00e7ok az ise, o maddenin, \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7ok az miktarda bulundu\u011funu anlatmak i\u00e7in &#8220;<strong>eser miktarda<\/strong>&#8221; ifadesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin; 1 000 000 g su \u00f6rne\u011finde, 5 g c\u0131va bulunuyorsa, bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fimi 5 ppm&#8217;dir. Veya; 1 000 000 Litre suda, 2 Litre alkol varsa, bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin deri\u015fimi de 2 ppm olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazi_Yaygin_Cozeltiler\">Baz\u0131 Yayg\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6zeltiler<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131zda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"I_Cesme_Suyu\">I) \u00c7e\u015fme Suyu<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Evlerimizin muslu\u011fundan akan suya &#8220;\u00e7e\u015fme suyu&#8221; veya &#8220;musluk suyu&#8221; denir. \u00c7e\u015fme sular\u0131, saf su de\u011fildir, tatl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131ndan evimize kadar gelen sulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7e\u015fme sular\u0131, temas etti\u011fi topraktan ve kaya\u00e7lardan bir \u00e7ok mineral \u00e7\u00f6zer. Mineraller, tabiatta do\u011fal yollarla olu\u015fmu\u015f tuzlard\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fme suyunda, bu tuzlardan gelen onlarca iyon vard\u0131r. Bu iyonlar, eser miktarda bulunurlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7e\u015fme suyunun, i\u00e7ilebilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc minerallerin belli bir deri\u015fim s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00c7e\u015fme suyunun, mineral deri\u015fimleri, izin verilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde ise veya; \u00e7e\u015fme suyu, istenmeyen maddeler i\u00e7eriyorsa, o su i\u00e7ilmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda, <em>Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7me Suyu Standartlar\u0131na<\/em> g\u00f6re, baz\u0131 maddelerin, mg\/L (miligram\/Litre) olarak, izin verilen deri\u015fimleri verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table table-dark\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Madde<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Tavsiye<br>Edilen<br>Miktar<br>mg\/L<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">M\u00fcsaade<br>Edilecek<br>Maksimum<br>Miktar<br>mg\/L<\/th>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Klor\u00fcr (Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>200<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>600<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>S\u00fclfat (SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup>)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>200<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>600<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Demir (Fe)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>0.3<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>1.0<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Mangan (Mn)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>0.1<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>0.5<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Bak\u0131r (Cu)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>0.05<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>1.5<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>\u00c7inko (Zn)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>5<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>15<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Magnezyum (Mg)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>50<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>150<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\t\t\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"II_Deniz_Suyu\">II) Deniz Suyu<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Deniz suyu bir tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir. Deniz suyundaki tuz deri\u015fimi, k\u00fctlece yakla\u015f\u0131k %3,5 oran\u0131ndad\u0131r. Deniz suyundaki tuzun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yemek tuzudur yani NaCl (Sodyum klor\u00fcr) bile\u015fi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"III_Serum\">III) Serum<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Serumlar, &#8220;izotonik&#8221; tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltileridir. \u0130zotonik bir serum \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki tuz deri\u015fimi, 0,9 g\/L de\u011ferindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130zotonik demek, serum s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131ndaki tuz oran\u0131 ile v\u00fccudumuzdaki tuz oran\u0131 birbirine e\u015fit demektir. \u0130zotonik bir serum s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 v\u00fccudumuza verildi\u011finde, su dengemiz veya tuz dengemiz bozulmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 serum \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde, tuz ile birlikte dekstroz \u015fekeri de vard\u0131r. Bu serum \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine, &#8220;dekstroz izotonik tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi&#8221; denir. Dekstroz izotonik tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde; NaCl oran\u0131 0,9 g\/L, dekstroz \u015fekerinin oran\u0131 5 g\/L de\u011ferindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"IV_Kolonya\">IV) Kolonya<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolonya genel olarak \u015fu 3 maddenin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Etil alkol (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH)<\/li><li>Su (H<sub>2<\/sub>O)<\/li><li>Esans (Kokulu ya\u011f)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolonyada bulunan etil alkol\u00fcn hacimce deri\u015fimi, kolonyan\u0131n derecesini belirler. Yani \u015f\u00f6yle olur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"80o_Seksen_Derece_Kolonya\">80<sup>o<\/sup> (Seksen Derece) Kolonya<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>80 derece kolonyada bulunan maddelerin hacimce deri\u015fimi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>%80 Etil alkol<\/li><li>Yakla\u015f\u0131k %5 esans<\/li><li>Yakla\u015f\u0131k %15 su<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Yani; basit bir mant\u0131k ile, 80<sup>o<\/sup> ve 100 mL bir kolonyada; 80 mL Etil alkol, 5 mL esans, 15 mL de su vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"70o_Yetmis_Derece_Kolonya\">70<sup>o<\/sup> (Yetmi\u015f Derece) Kolonya<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>80 derece kolonyada bulunan maddelerin hacimce deri\u015fimi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>%70 Etil alkol<\/li><li>Yakla\u015f\u0131k %5 esans<\/li><li>Yakla\u015f\u0131k %25 su<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Yani; basit bir mant\u0131k ile, 70<sup>o<\/sup> ve 100 mL bir kolonyada; 70 mL Etil alkol, 5 mL esans, 25 mL de su vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kolonyanin_Kokusu\">Kolonyan\u0131n Kokusu<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolonyan\u0131n kokusunu, kolonyada kullan\u0131lan esans belirler. Kolonyada; limon esans\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa limon kolonyas\u0131, \u00e7imen esans\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7imen kolonyas\u0131 \u00fcretilmi\u015f olur&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kolonyanin_Son_Kullanma_Tarihi\">Kolonyan\u0131n Son Kullanma Tarihi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Hacimce y\u00fczde 80-96\u2019s\u0131 etil alkol, kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ise su ve esanstan olu\u015fan kolonya, a\u011fz\u0131 kapal\u0131 iken ve g\u00fcne\u015ften uzak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece ortalama be\u015f y\u0131l bozulmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"V_Sekerli_Su\">V) \u015eekerli Su<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eekerler bir \u00e7e\u015fit karbonhidrat bile\u015fikleridir. Bir \u00e7ok \u015feker \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r. \u00c7ay \u015fekeri olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z madde, &#8220;<strong>sakkaroz<\/strong>&#8221; ad\u0131nda ve form\u00fcl\u00fc de &#8220;<em><strong>C<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>22<\/sub>O<sub>11<\/sub><\/strong><\/em>&#8221; olan bir karbonhidratt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suda \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde elde edilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye; \u015feker \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi veya <strong>\u015ferbet<\/strong> denir. \u015eeker, suda y\u00fcksek oranda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilen bir organik maddedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131lan ve deri\u015fimi %65 olan \u015ferbetin 65 gram\u0131 \u015feker (<em>C<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>22<\/sub>O<sub>11<\/sub><\/em>) ve 35 gram\u0131 sudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozelti_Hazirlama\">\u00c7\u00f6zelti Haz\u0131rlama<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlamak, bir kimyac\u0131n, en s\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemlerden biridir. \u00c7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in, dikkat edilmesi gereken \u00f6ne \u00f6nemli konu, haz\u0131rlanacak \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin <em>miktar\u0131<\/em> ve <em>deri\u015fimidir<\/em>. Yani; \u00f6ncelikle, ne kadar \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin oran\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmemiz gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in, takip etmemiz gereken ad\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlamaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, bir hesap yaparak, \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/li><li>Bu iki maddenin miktar\u0131 belirlendikten sonra, laboratuvardaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihazlar\u0131 ile, maddeler, hesaplanan miktarlarda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li><li>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen, birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-10\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u00fctlece %10\u2019luk 500 g NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#765d16\">NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde su \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr, NaOH \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddedir.<br>K\u00fctlece, %10&#8217;luk NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin, her 100 gram\u0131n\u0131n 10 gram\u0131 NaOH, 90 gram\u0131 su demektir.<br><br>O zaman, bir orant\u0131 ile, k\u00fctlece %10&#8217;luk 500 gram \u00e7\u00f6zeltindeki su ve NaOH miktar\u0131n\u0131 bulal\u0131m:<br><br><strong>100 gram \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 10 gram NaOH varsa<br>500 gram \u00e7\u00f6zeltide ? gram NaOH vard\u0131r.<\/strong><br><br>Do\u011fru orant\u0131n\u0131n denklemi kurulur ve ? bulunur:<br><strong>100 . ? = 500 . 10<br>? = 5000 \/ 100<br>? = 50 g NaOH<\/strong><br><br>Demek ki \u00e7\u00f6zeltide, 50 gram NaOH kullanmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Bu durumda, \u00e7\u00f6zeltide kullan\u0131lacak su miktar\u0131;<br><strong>500 &#8211; 50 = 450 gram<\/strong><br>olarak hesaplan\u0131r.<br><br>Sonu\u00e7ta, 50 gram NaOH ve 450 gram su tart\u0131l\u0131r ve bu iki madde birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece k\u00fctlece %10&#8217;luk 500 gram NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozeltilerin_Ozellikleri\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin \u00d6zellikleri<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin oran\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri de de\u011fi\u015fir. Mesela; tuzlu suda, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tuz oran\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, kaynama noktas\u0131 y\u00fckselir, donma noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer, yo\u011funluk artar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide, kaynama ve donma noktas\u0131 gibi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin deri\u015fimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fen \u00f6zelliklere <strong>koligatif <\/strong>\u00f6zellikler denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozeltilerin_Donma_Noktasi\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin Donma Noktas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen her madde, suyun donma noktas\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Saf suyun, normal donma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 0 <sup>o<\/sup>C&#8217;dir. Saf su, 0 <sup>o<\/sup>C&#8217;de donmaya ba\u015flar ve donma olay\u0131 bitene kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 0 <sup>o<\/sup>C&#8217;de sabitlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suda, yemek tuzu gibi, u\u00e7ucu olmayan bir kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrse, suyun donma noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Yani; tuzlu su, saf suya g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta donmaya ba\u015flar. Tuzlu suyun, saf sudan farkl\u0131 olarak, donma esnas\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeye devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, normal \u015fartlarda, saf su ve doymam\u0131\u015f tuzlu suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131k zaman grafikleri verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"268\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/koligatif-ozellikler-donma-noktasi.jpg\" alt=\"Saf Su ve Tuzlu Suyun Donmas\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3970\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/koligatif-ozellikler-donma-noktasi.jpg 618w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/koligatif-ozellikler-donma-noktasi-300x130.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><figcaption>Saf Su ve Tuzlu Suyun Donmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Doymam\u0131\u015f tuzlu suyun, s\u0131cakl\u0131k zaman grafi\u011fine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, saf sudan farkl\u0131 olarak, donma olay\u0131n\u0131n 0 <sup>o<\/sup>C&#8217;nin alt\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve donma devam ederken de s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kisin_Yollara_Tuz_Atilmasi\">K\u0131\u015f\u0131n Yollara Tuz At\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Yollara-tuz-atilmasi.jpg\" alt=\"K\u0131\u015f\u0131na Yollara Tuz At\u0131lmas\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3975\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Yollara-tuz-atilmasi.jpg 350w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Yollara-tuz-atilmasi-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><figcaption>K\u0131\u015f\u0131na Yollara Tuz At\u0131lmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131\u015f\u0131n, yollara tuz at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, tuz at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, suyun donma noktas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve b\u00f6ylece don olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Arabalara_Antifriz_Donma_Engelleyici_Konulmasi\">Arabalara Antifriz (Donma Engelleyici) Konulmas\u0131<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Arabalara-antifiriz-katilmasi.jpg\" alt=\"Antifiriz Suyun Donma Noktas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr\" class=\"wp-image-3977\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Arabalara-antifiriz-katilmasi.jpg 350w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/Arabalara-antifiriz-katilmasi-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><figcaption>Antifriz Suyun Donma Noktas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Glikol (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>) <em>antifriz (donma engelleyici)<\/em> olarak kullan\u0131lan bir maddedir. Suda, glikol (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, suyun donma noktas\u0131 bir hayli d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu y\u00fczden, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n, arabalar\u0131n sular\u0131na antifriz kat\u0131larak, arabadaki suyun donmas\u0131 engellenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozeltilerin_Kaynama_Noktasi\">\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin Kaynama Noktas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen her madde, suyun kaynama noktas\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Saf suyun, normal kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100 <sup>o<\/sup>C&#8217;dir. Saf su, 100 <sup>o<\/sup>C&#8217;de kaynamaya ba\u015flar ve kaynama olay\u0131 bitene kadar, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100 <sup>o<\/sup>C&#8217;de sabitlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suda, yemek tuzu gibi, u\u00e7ucu olmayan bir kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrse, suyun kaynama noktas\u0131 y\u00fckselir. Yani; tuzlu su, saf suya g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaynamaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saf su kaynarken, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabittir fakat; tuzlu su kaynarken s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artmaya devam eder, ta ki doygun bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olana kadar. Doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti, daha fazla madde \u00e7\u00f6zemeyecek duruma gelmi\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti demektir. Doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi ilerleyen konularda verilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, normal \u015fartlarda, saf su ve doymam\u0131\u015f tuzlu suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131k zaman grafikleri verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/koligatif-ozellikler-kaynama-noktasi.jpg\" alt=\"Saf Su ve Tuzlu Suyun Kaynamas\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/koligatif-ozellikler-kaynama-noktasi.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/11\/koligatif-ozellikler-kaynama-noktasi-300x155.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption>Saf Su ve Tuzlu Suyun Kaynamas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Doymam\u0131\u015f tuzlu suyun, s\u0131cakl\u0131k zaman grafi\u011fine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, saf sudan farkl\u0131 olarak, kaynama olay\u0131n\u0131n 100 <sup>o<\/sup>C&#8217;nin \u00fczerinde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kaynama devam ederken de s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaynayan bir suya, tuz att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, kaynama olay\u0131 duracakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc; tuz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fckten sonra, suyun kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckselecektir. Yani, suyun tekrar kaynamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n biraz daha y\u00fckselmesi gerekecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Homojen ve Heterojen Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar, Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar \u00fcnitesinin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu derste, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, sade ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dille, g\u00f6rsel ve videolar ile desteklenerek a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3739,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-3742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-karisimlar","tag-homojen-ve-heterojen-karisimlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3742"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3742\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}