{"id":3270,"date":"2020-10-29T16:06:17","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T13:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/?p=3270"},"modified":"2021-11-19T16:32:32","modified_gmt":"2021-11-19T13:32:32","slug":"cevre-kimyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/doga-ve-kimya\/cevre-kimyasi\/","title":{"rendered":"2. \u00c7evre Kimyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Hava_Kirliligi\">Hava Kirlili\u011fi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Havayi_Kirleten_Sebepler\">Havay\u0131 Kirleten Sebepler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Havayi_Kirleten_Kimyasallar\">Havay\u0131 Kirleten Kimyasallar<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Azot_oksitler_NOx\">Azot oksitler (NOx)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Karbon_Dioksit_CO2\">Karbon Dioksit (CO2)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kukurt_Oksitler_SOx\">K\u00fck\u00fcrt Oksitler (SOx)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sera_Etkisi\">Sera Etkisi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ozon_Tabakasinin_Incelmesi\">Ozon Tabakas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelmesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ozon_Tabakasini_Korumak_Bizim_Elimizde\">Ozon Tabakas\u0131n\u0131 Korumak Bizim Elimizde<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Su_ve_Toprak_Kirliligi\">Su ve Toprak Kirlili\u011fi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Suyu_ve_Topragi_Kirleten_Maddeler\">Suyu ve Topra\u011f\u0131 Kirleten Maddeler<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Plastikler\">Plastikler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Deterjanlar\">Deterjanlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Organik_Sivilar\">Organik S\u0131v\u0131lar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Agir_Metaller\">A\u011f\u0131r Metaller<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Piller\">Piller<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Endustriyel_Atiklar\">End\u00fcstriyel At\u0131klar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cevreye_Zarar_Veren_Kimyasal_Kirleticilerin_Etkilerinin_Azaltilmasi\">\u00c7evreye Zarar Veren Kimyasal Kirleticilerin Etkilerinin Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p>\u00c7evre Kimyas\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir kimya biliminin bir alt disiplinidir yani; bir alt dal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir disiplin olarak \u00c7evre Kimyas\u0131, \u00e7evremizi korumaya ve do\u011fal dengenin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u011fay\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in, do\u011fay\u0131 kirleten maddeleri bilmeliyiz ve bu maddeleri do\u011fadan uzak tutmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7evre kirlili\u011fi demek; hava, su ve toprak kirlili\u011fi demektir. Gelin bu kirlilikleri ve kirlenmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yapabileceklerimizi yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6relim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Hava_Kirliligi\">Hava Kirlili\u011fi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Hava-Kirliligi-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Hava Kirlili\u011fi\" class=\"wp-image-3274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Hava-Kirliligi-SiteCenneti.jpg 400w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Hava-Kirliligi-SiteCenneti-300x176.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>Hava Kirlili\u011fi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\">D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne g\u00f6re her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k iki milyon insan kirli hava etkilerinden dolay\u0131 erken \u00f6l\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soludu\u011funuz havadaki baz\u0131 gazlar yava\u015f yava\u015f sizi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor olabilir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015fubat ay\u0131nda, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (WHO) hava kirlili\u011fi raporuna g\u00f6re Avrupa\u2019daki en kirli 10 \u015fehrin sekizi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hava kirlili\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca duman kokulu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan insanlar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 etkileme potansiyeline sahip olan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorundur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc; hava kirlili\u011fi k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma, ozon tabakas\u0131n\u0131n delinmesi gibi sorunlara neden olur ve bu sorunlar t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-purple-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Genellikle; atmosfere, canl\u0131lara ve \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131 etkiler b\u0131rakan bir veya daha fazla kirleticinin havada bulunmas\u0131 <strong>hava kirlili\u011fi<\/strong> olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Havayi_Kirleten_Sebepler\">Havay\u0131 Kirleten Sebepler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Havadaki kirleticiler her zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmayabilir ve bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 kaynaktan ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bu kirleticiler;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>volkanik patlamalar<\/li><li>orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131<\/li><li>toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>gibi do\u011fal olaylardan havaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi gibi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>ula\u015ft\u0131rma (egzoz gazlar\u0131)<\/li><li>end\u00fcstri (baca gazlar\u0131)<\/li><li>\u0131s\u0131nma (baca gazlar\u0131)<\/li><li>sprey ve deodorantlar<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>gibi insan faaliyetleri sonucunda da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Havayi_Kirleten_Kimyasallar\">Havay\u0131 Kirleten Kimyasallar<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hava kirleticilerin ba\u015f\u0131nda;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Azot oksitler (NO<sub>x<\/sub>)<\/li><li>Karbon dioksit (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li><li>K\u00fck\u00fcrt oksitler (SO<sub>x<\/sub>)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Azot_oksitler_NOx\">Azot oksitler (NO<sub>x<\/sub>)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmosferde bulunan azot, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda oksijenle reaksiyona girerek NO (Azot monooksit), NO<sub>2<\/sub> (Azot dioksit) gibi azot oksitleri olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmosferin kirlenmesine neden olan azot oksitler genel olarak NO<sub>x<\/sub> \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NO suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez ancak NO<sub>2<\/sub> olu\u015fumuna neden olur. NO<sub>2<\/sub> ise suyla reaksiyona girerek HNO<sub>3<\/sub> (Nitrik asit \/ Kezzap) olu\u015fumuna neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak havada olu\u015fan NO<sub>x<\/sub> bile\u015fikleri, ya\u011fmur suyu ile reaksiyona girerek <strong>asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131na<\/strong> neden olur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda azot oksitler k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya neden olan ozon gaz\u0131 olu\u015fumunu art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201c<strong>dolayl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131<\/strong>\u201d olarak da bilinirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#055587\"><strong>Azot oksitler (NO<sub>x<\/sub>), \u015fu sa\u011fl\u0131k problemlerine sebep olabilir:<\/strong><br>&#8211; Solunum problemleri<br>&#8211; Ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131<br>&#8211; Kronik olarak akci\u011fer fonksiyonlar\u0131nda azalma<br>&#8211; G\u00f6zlerde tahri\u015f<br>&#8211; \u0130\u015ftah kayb\u0131<br>&#8211; Di\u015flerde a\u015f\u0131nma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Azot oksitleri olu\u015fturan baz\u0131 olaylar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Baz\u0131 fabrika bacalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan zehirli gazlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunur.<\/li><li>Ara\u00e7 motorlar\u0131nda ve enerji santrallerinde olu\u015fan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k etkisiyle meydana gelir. Bunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ara\u00e7 motorlar\u0131n\u0131n egzoz sistemlerine katalitik konvert\u00f6rler (d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler) tak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Karbon_Dioksit_CO2\">Karbon Dioksit (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmosferde do\u011fal olarak karbon dioksit (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) bulunur ve karbon dioksit miktar\u0131 y\u00fczde 0,05\u2019in alt\u0131ndaki hava, herhangi bir sa\u011fl\u0131k veya \u00e7evre sorununa neden olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu gaz, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n merkezinde yer al\u0131r ve normalde kirletici olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmez. Hepimiz nefes ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda karbon dioksit \u00fcretiriz. Ancak karbon dioksit yo\u011funlu\u011fu y\u00fczde 5-10 aras\u0131nda olan hava toksiktir (\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc) ve birka\u00e7 dakika i\u00e7inde sizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmosferdeki karbon dioksit miktar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek seviyelere \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olan etkenler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>otomobiller<\/li><li>u\u00e7aklar<\/li><li>enerji santralleri<\/li><li>benzin ve do\u011fal gaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu etkenler son 150 y\u0131lda, atmosferdeki karbon dioksit miktar\u0131n\u0131, oldu\u011fundan daha y\u00fcksek bir seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karbon dioksit <strong>k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma<\/strong> ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fen iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden birinci derecede sorumlu olan <strong>sera gaz\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kukurt_Oksitler_SOx\">K\u00fck\u00fcrt Oksitler (SO<sub>x<\/sub>)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde atmosfere sal\u0131nan k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksitin (SO<sub>2<\/sub>) ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorumlusu<br>insan faaliyetleridir. \u0130nsan faaliyetleri olmadan \u00f6nce atmosferdeki k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksitin ana kayna\u011f\u0131 volkanik patlamalard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit (SO<sub>2<\/sub>), atmosferde, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131tarak G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tutar ve D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n so\u011fumas\u0131na neden olur. Volkanik patlamalar sonucunda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlardaki k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrebilecek <strong>k\u00fcresel so\u011fumaya<\/strong> neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol gibi fosil yak\u0131tlar saf de\u011fildir ve bile\u015fimlerinde k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eren organik bile\u015fikler vard\u0131r. Bile\u015fiminde k\u00fck\u00fcrt bulunduran yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131yla SO<sub>2<\/sub> olu\u015fur. SO<sub>2<\/sub>, NO<sub>2<\/sub> ile tepkimeye girerek SO<sub>3<\/sub>\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#9b1d3c;font-size:18px\">SO<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + NO<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192&nbsp; SO<sub>3(g)<\/sub>+ NO<sub>(g)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SO<sub>3<\/sub> atmosferdeki su buhar\u0131 ile etkile\u015ferek <strong>asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131na<\/strong> neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#4c5761\"><strong>Asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131:<\/strong><br>&#8211; \u0130nsanlarda akci\u011fer ve cilt hastal\u0131klar\u0131na<br>&#8211; Tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kirlenmesine<br>&#8211; Tarihi eserlerin a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na<br>&#8211; Metal y\u00fczeylerin a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na<br>&#8211; Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131, toprakta bulunan kalsiyum iyonlar\u0131 ile reaksiyona girerek kalsiyum s\u00fclfat olu\u015fturur. Olu\u015fan kalsiyum s\u00fclfat suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmedi\u011finden toprak i\u00e7inde sabitle\u015fir ve bitkiler taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n hava kirlili\u011finin etkilerini alg\u0131lamas\u0131 zordur. Hava kirlili\u011finin insanlar \u00fczerindeki tek etkisi \u00f6l\u00fcm de\u011fildir. Hava kirlili\u011fi nedeniyle y\u00fcz binlerce insan ast\u0131m ve bron\u015fit gibi solunum sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Sera_Etkisi\">Sera Etkisi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Deprem, yanarda\u011f patlamas\u0131 ya da tsunami gibi do\u011fal felaketler binlerce insan\u0131 etkileyebilir. Ancak etkileri genellikle sadece bir b\u00f6lgeyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. 1986\u2019da Ukrayna\u2019daki \u00c7ernobil n\u00fckleer santralinde meydana gelen n\u00fckleer kaza t\u00fcm k\u0131ta boyunca radyasyon yay\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Fakat b\u00fct\u00fcn bu felaketler t\u00fcm D\u00fcnya\u2019y\u0131 etkilemez ve gezegenimizin tamam\u0131nda hayat\u0131 bozacak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma, yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z felaketlerin hepsinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve insan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n, yak\u0131n tarihte kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdittir. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine, bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcr\u00fcn yok olmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmazsa gezegenimizdeki ya\u015fam\u0131n sona ermesine de neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya atmosferi t\u0131pk\u0131 bir sera gibi davran\u0131r. Atmosferdeki karbon dioksit (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) gaz\u0131 ve su buhar\u0131, bir seran\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 gibi, g\u00fcn boyunca G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tutar. Tutulan enerji, atmosferi ve D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin \u00e7ok so\u011fumas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. B\u00f6ylece D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 \u00b0C\u2019ta korunur. Bu olay D\u00fcnya\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131n var olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan do\u011fal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu do\u011fal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7se bilim insanlar\u0131 neden panik yap\u0131yor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eu an kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz sorun, insan faaliyetleri nedeniyle atmosferdeki sera gaz\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Atmosferdeki sera gaz\u0131 miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nma miktar\u0131 da art\u0131yor ve ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k giderek y\u00fckseliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sera gazlar\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Su buhar\u0131 (H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(g)<\/sub>) <\/li><li>Karbon dioksit gaz\u0131 (CO<sub>2(g)<\/sub>)<\/li><li>Metan gaz\u0131 (CH<sub>4(g)<\/sub>)<\/li><li>Azot oksit gazlar\u0131 (NO<sub>x(g)<\/sub>)<\/li><li>Ozon gaz\u0131 (O<sub>3(g)<\/sub>)<\/li><li>Kloro Floro Karbonlar (CFC\u2019ler)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>gibi kimyasal maddelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki vidyoda, atmosferin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131nda birikerek sera etkisine neden olan gazlar\u0131 ve bu gazlar\u0131 atmosfere salan fabrika ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sera Etkisi Animasyonu\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ckf51xFScAU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Artan sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n, hava kirlili\u011fini ve k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya neden oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir. Ancak k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma, sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna sebep olan faaliyetlerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ile, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilecek bir sorundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki vidyo, sera etkisini ve sera etkisi sebebiyle, G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n nas\u0131l yans\u0131y\u0131p uzaya geri d\u00f6nemedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nmada Sera Etkisi\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BNVdl4tLepM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ozon_Tabakasinin_Incelmesi\">Ozon Tabakas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelmesi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmosferde bulunan gazlardan biri de ozon (O<sub>3<\/sub>) gaz\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmosferin alt katmanlar\u0131nda bulunan ozon gaz\u0131 hava kirletici olarak davran\u0131r. Atmosferin \u00fcst katmanlar\u0131nda bulunan ozon gaz\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tabaka (ozonosfer) d\u00fcnyay\u0131, mor\u00f6tesi (ultraviyole) gibi G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan koruyan bir kalkan g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten gelen zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kloroflorokarbonlar (CFC\u2019ler) gibi klor ve flor i\u00e7eren kimyasallar ozon gaz\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alayarak ozon tabakas\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine ve incelmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ozon tabakas\u0131ndaki incelme, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda <em>ultraviyole B<\/em> \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ultraviyole B \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, insanlarda cilt kanseri ve katarakta neden olabilece\u011fi gibi hayvanlara da zarar verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle atmosfere y\u00fcksek miktarda ozon tabakas\u0131na zararl\u0131 gaz sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ozon tabakas\u0131na zarar veren ba\u015fl\u0131ca kimyasallar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Klima sistemlerinde ve buzdolaplar\u0131nda so\u011futucu gaz olarak kullan\u0131lan CFC\u2019ler<\/li><li>Is\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan k\u00f6p\u00fckler<\/li><li>Aerosol (deodorant, parf\u00fcm, sa\u00e7 spreyi gibi) kutular\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan itici gazlar<\/li><li>Yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerde kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar<\/li><li>Tar\u0131mda b\u00f6cek ilac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan metil bromid gibi kimyasallar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ozon_Tabakasini_Korumak_Bizim_Elimizde\">Ozon Tabakas\u0131n\u0131 Korumak Bizim Elimizde<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ozon tabakas\u0131ndaki incelme k\u00fcresel bir problemdir. Ancak insanlar zararl\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131 kullanmazlarsa bu problem ortadan kalkar. Zararl\u0131 kimyasallar kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ozon tabakas\u0131 kendini yenileyebilir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke ozon tabakas\u0131na zarar veren kimyasallar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 durdurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Su_ve_Toprak_Kirliligi\">Su ve Toprak Kirlili\u011fi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu h\u0131zla artarken insanlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu kirlilik miktar\u0131 da artar. Ayr\u0131ca insanlar\u0131n bitmek bilmez istekleri, yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tempolar\u0131 ve hareketli ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131 da bu kirlili\u011fin artmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#073857\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 maddelerin do\u011fada ka\u00e7 y\u0131lda bozundu\u011fu verilmi\u015ftir:<br><br>Banka kartlar\u0131: 1000 y\u0131l<br>Plastik torba: 1000 y\u0131l<br>Plastik tabaklar: 500 y\u0131l<br>Bebek bezi: 550 y\u0131l<br>Pet \u015fi\u015feler: 400 y\u0131l<br>Al\u00fcminyum: 100 y\u0131l<br>\u00c7akmak: 100 y\u0131l<br>Kutu kola: 10 y\u0131l<br>Sak\u0131z: 5 y\u0131l<br>Sigara izmariti: 1 y\u0131l<br>Gazete: 3 ay<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Suyu_ve_Topragi_Kirleten_Maddeler\">Suyu ve Topra\u011f\u0131 Kirleten Maddeler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Su ve toprak kirleticilerin ba\u015f\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Plastikler<\/li><li>Deterjanlar<\/li><li>Organik s\u0131v\u0131lar<\/li><li>A\u011f\u0131r metaller<\/li><li>Piller<\/li><li>End\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klar<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Plastikler\">Plastikler<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Plastik-Atiklar-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Plastik At\u0131klar Su ve Toprak Kirlili\u011fi Yapar\" class=\"wp-image-3297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Plastik-Atiklar-SiteCenneti.jpg 700w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Plastik-Atiklar-SiteCenneti-300x165.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption>Plastik At\u0131klar Su ve Toprak Kirlili\u011fi Yapar<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastik kelimesi \u201cbi\u00e7imlendirme\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Yunanca &#8220;plastikos&#8221; kelimesinden gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastikler yap\u0131lar\u0131nda karbon (C), hidrojen (H), oksijen (O), azot (N) gibi elementlerin oldu\u011fu monomerlerin art arda eklenmesiyle olu\u015fan polimer yap\u0131s\u0131nda malzemelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastikler; kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay, hafif, esnek, kolay \u015fekil verilebilir, a\u015f\u0131nmaya kars\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 ve elektrik yal\u0131tkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip malzemelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastikler cep telefonlar\u0131ndan, bilgisayarlara, bisiklet kasklar\u0131ndan, mutfak malzemelerine kadar bir\u00e7ok malzemede kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kullan\u0131m avantajlar\u0131 olmakla birlikte \u00e7evreye verdi\u011fi zararlar da olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir kez kullan\u0131lan plastik bardak y\u00fczy\u0131llarca do\u011fada bozulmadan kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsanlar bu maddeleri daha fazla kulland\u0131k\u00e7a, gezegendeki \u00e7\u00f6p miktar\u0131 da artmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6pe at\u0131lan bir plastik torba ancak 1000 y\u0131lda kaybolmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastikler, tabiatta do\u011fal olarak \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmez. Ayr\u0131ca yak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00e7ok zararl\u0131 kimyasal maddeler i\u00e7eren dumanlar yayar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastiklerde kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar insan v\u00fccudu taraf\u0131ndan emilir. Bu kimyasallar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkileri oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okyanus ve denizlere kar\u0131\u015fan plastikler deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131na zarar<br>verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Plastikler-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Plastikler \u00c7evreye Zarar Verir\" class=\"wp-image-3292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Plastikler-SiteCenneti.jpg 400w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Plastikler-SiteCenneti-300x212.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>Plastikler \u00c7evreye Zarar Verir<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki resimde, yavru iken bir plastik \u00e7\u00f6pe dolanm\u0131\u015f bir kaplumba\u011fa g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz. Zamanla, kaplumba\u011fan\u0131n kabu\u011fu, plastik \u00e7\u00f6p nedeniyle bo\u011fumlu geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Binlerce y\u0131l do\u011fada kalabilen plastik at\u0131klar, ekolojik dengeyi bozar. Yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131na zararl\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya petrol \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fc plastik \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in ham madde olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Deterjanlar\">Deterjanlar<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Deterjanlar-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Deterjanlar Do\u011fal Dengeyi Bozar\" class=\"wp-image-3300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Deterjanlar-SiteCenneti.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Deterjanlar-SiteCenneti-300x149.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption>Deterjanlar Do\u011fal Dengeyi Bozar<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tekirda\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u015eark\u00f6y a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki Marmara Denizi\u2019nin renginin turuncu<br>h\u00e2le d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zleniyor. Bu durum baz\u0131 mikroskobik deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcremesinden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bu art\u0131\u015fta, denize at\u0131lan art\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sentetik deterjanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli oranda rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deterjanlar, toksik (\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc) etkilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yap\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan fosfatlar nedeniyle su ve sudaki canl\u0131 hayat\u0131 olumsuz etkiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sulardaki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yosunla\u015fman\u0131n nedeni deterjanlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki fosfatlard\u0131r. Fosfatlar; yosunlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falma su y\u00fczeyini kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oksijen miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r ve bu durum sulardaki canl\u0131 hayat\u0131 tehdit eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Organik_Sivilar\">Organik S\u0131v\u0131lar<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Organik-sivilar-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Petrol S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan Etkilenen Bir Ku\u015f\" class=\"wp-image-3325\" width=\"228\" height=\"242\"\/><figcaption>Petrol S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan Etkilenen Bir Karabatak Ku\u015fu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Karbon elementinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bile\u015fikler organik bile\u015fiklerdir. S\u0131v\u0131 haldeki organik bir bile\u015fiklere, organik s\u0131v\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Organik bile\u015fiklerin molek\u00fcllerinde; karbon ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hidrojen, oksijen, azot, k\u00fck\u00fcrt ve halojenler bulunabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>End\u00fcstriyel alanda kullan\u0131lan organik s\u0131v\u0131lara;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Petrol<\/li><li>Aseton (C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O)<\/li><li>Karbon tetraklor\u00fcr (CCl<sub>4<\/sub>)<\/li><li>Benzen (C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>)<\/li><li>Etil alkol (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH)<\/li><li>Asetik asit (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>gibi kimyasal maddeler \u00f6rnek verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Organik s\u0131v\u0131lar \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel alanlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0130la\u00e7,<\/li><li>Plastik<\/li><li>Boya<\/li><li>Petrokimya<\/li><li>Tekstil<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131lan organik s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>End\u00fcstriyel alanda kullan\u0131lan organik s\u0131v\u0131lar bir \u015fekilde suya ve topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015farak \u00e7evreyi kirletmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Agir_Metaller\">A\u011f\u0131r Metaller<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Genel olarak zehirli ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fine neden olan t\u00fcm metaller a\u011f\u0131r metal olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u011f\u0131r metaller, mol a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 (M<sub>A<\/sub>) y\u00fcksek ve yo\u011funluklar\u0131 5 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup> ten daha y\u00fcksek olan elementlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>60&#8217;dan fazla a\u011f\u0131r metal vard\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca a\u011f\u0131r metaller \u015funlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pb: Kur\u015fun<\/li><li>Cd: Kadmiyum<\/li><li>Cr: Krom<\/li><li>Fe: Demir<\/li><li>Co: Kobalt<\/li><li>Cu: Bak\u0131r<\/li><li>Ni: Nikel<\/li><li>Hg: C\u0131va<\/li><li>Zn: \u00c7inko<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u011f\u0131r metaller, yer kabu\u011funun tamam\u0131nda bulunan do\u011fal elementlerdir ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 zaman toprak ve suyu kirletmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zellikle madencilik end\u00fcstrisinde kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar, toprakta bulunan a\u011f\u0131r metallerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesine neden olur. Toprakta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen a\u011f\u0131r metaller, yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131na, bitkilerin yap\u0131s\u0131na girer, canl\u0131lara ve \u00e7evreye zarar verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Piller\">Piller<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"248\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Piller-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"At\u0131k Pil Kutular\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Piller-SiteCenneti.jpg 250w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Piller-SiteCenneti-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><figcaption>At\u0131k Pil Kutular\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmezi olan cep telefonlar\u0131, diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar gibi pek \u00e7ok elektronik cihaz pille \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir pilin i\u00e7indeki kimyasallar, pilin t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Piller ba\u015fl\u0131ca:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cd: Kadmiyum<\/li><li>Pb: Kur\u015fun<\/li><li>Hg: C\u0131va<\/li><li>Ni: Nikel gibi a\u011f\u0131r metallerin yan\u0131nda,<\/li><li>Li: Lityum<\/li><li>Elektrolit maddeler gibi kimyasallar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Piller, evsel at\u0131klarla ayn\u0131 yere at\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc evsel at\u0131klar, depolama alanlar\u0131na gitmektedir. Bu alanlarda, pillerin, d\u0131\u015f kaplamalar\u0131 pasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kimyasal maddeler topra\u011fa s\u0131zar ve buradan i\u00e7me sular\u0131na kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir kalem pilin, 4 metrek\u00fcp topra\u011f\u0131 kirletti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek, \u00f6mr\u00fc t\u00fckenmi\u015f pilleri mutlaka, \u00f6zel pil toplama kutular\u0131na atmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Endustriyel_Atiklar\">End\u00fcstriyel At\u0131klar<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"329\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Endustriyel-Atiklar-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"End\u00fcstriyel At\u0131klar\" class=\"wp-image-3328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Endustriyel-Atiklar-SiteCenneti.jpg 329w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Cevre-Kimyasi-Endustriyel-Atiklar-SiteCenneti-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\" \/><figcaption>Bir Fabrikan\u0131n At\u0131k Suyu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-purple-background-color has-text-color has-background\">End\u00fcstri ve \u00fcretim tesislerinde, bir i\u015flem \u00f6ncesinde veya sonras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan at\u0131klara <strong>end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klar<\/strong> denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>End\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k \u00fcreten ba\u015fl\u0131ca sanayi tesisleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Petrol rafineleri<\/li><li>Otomobil fabrikalar\u0131<\/li><li>Elektrik \u00fcretim santralleri<\/li><li>\u00c7imento fabrikalar\u0131<\/li><li>Tekstil fabrikalar\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirilip ar\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu tesislerden at\u0131lan at\u0131klar, \u00e7evre ve  canl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlike olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cevreye_Zarar_Veren_Kimyasal_Kirleticilerin_Etkilerinin_Azaltilmasi\">\u00c7evreye Zarar Veren Kimyasal Kirleticilerin Etkilerinin Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7ecek suyumuz, ekecek topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, nefes alacak havam\u0131z kalmazsa ne biz ne de di\u011fer canl\u0131lar ya\u015fayam\u0131z. \u00c7evreyi korumak, kendimiz korumak demektir ve hepimizin bir g\u00f6revidir. Bilin\u00e7li bir \u00fcretici ve t\u00fcketici olmak, \u00e7evreyi koruman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7evreye zarar veren kimyasal kirleticilerin etkilerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Yeni teknolojiler s\u00fcrekli olarak de\u011ferlendirilerek insanlara veya \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131 olmayan kimyasallar geli\u015ftirilerek \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>\u00dcretimde kullan\u0131lan \u00e7evreye zarar veren kimyasal kirleticiler kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra gerekli tedbirler al\u0131narak imha edilmelidir.<\/li><li>At\u0131klar\u0131n en aza indirgenmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Her \u00fclkenin \u00e7evre politikas\u0131 olmal\u0131 ve end\u00fcstriyel kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7evre ile ilgili yasalara uymas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>\u00c7\u00f6plerin organik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede g\u00fcbrele\u015fmesi, k\u00f6t\u00fc kokular\u0131 yok etme, sinek, b\u00f6cek ve zararl\u0131 ha\u015farat\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, at\u0131k sular\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7ok alanda etkin mikroorganizmalar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. (Etkin mikroorganizma (EM) do\u011fal, genetik m\u00fcdahale g\u00f6rmemi\u015f yararl\u0131 mikroorganizmalara verilen add\u0131r.). Yeni EM\u2019lerin \u00fcretimi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015flerde do\u011fada \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir market po\u015fetleri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Toplu ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00f6nem verilmelidir.<\/li><li>Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na \u00f6nem verilmelidir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7evre Kimyas\u0131, K\u0130mya 9 dersinin Do\u011fa ve Kimya \u00dcnitesinin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu derste, \u00c7evre Kimyas\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, TYT seviyesinde ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dille anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3271,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[135],"class_list":["post-3270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-doga-ve-kimya","tag-cevre-kimyasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3270"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3270\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}