{"id":3228,"date":"2020-10-29T03:00:07","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T00:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/?p=3228"},"modified":"2021-10-01T08:29:31","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T05:29:31","slug":"plazma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/maddenin-halleri\/plazma\/","title":{"rendered":"5. Plazma"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Plazma_Halindeki_Maddelerin_Ozellikleri\">Plazma Halindeki Maddelerin \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Plazma_Nasil_Olusur\">Plazma Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p>Plazma hali, maddenin gaz halini \u0131s\u0131tmaya devam edersek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir haldir. Yani, maddenin y\u00fcksek enerjili halidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir cam k\u00fcredeki asal gaz atomlar\u0131na, y\u00fcksek voltajl\u0131 elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 verildi\u011finde plazma h\u00e2l olu\u015fur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bir cam k\u00fcre ve i\u00e7indeki gaz\u0131n, elektrik arklar\u0131 olu\u015fturarak, plazma haline ge\u00e7i\u015fi verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Magic Crystal Ball: Plasma the 4th State of the Matter\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/98khpSeefPM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Plazma \u00d6rne\u011fi: Elektrik Arklar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Plazma_Halindeki_Maddelerin_Ozellikleri\">Plazma Halindeki Maddelerin \u00d6zellikleri<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Plazma halindeki bir maddenin \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tanecikleri aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131lara g\u00f6re fazlad\u0131r.<\/li><li>Yo\u011funluklar\u0131 kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131lardan daha azd\u0131r.<\/li><li>Pozitif ve negatif y\u00fcklerin serbest\u00e7e dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 taneciklerden olu\u015fur.<\/li><li>Plazmalar, toplamda n\u00f6t\u00fcr maddelerdir.<\/li><li>Di\u011fer h\u00e2llere g\u00f6re taneciklerinin enerjisi en y\u00fcksektir.<\/li><li>Belirli \u015fekil ve hacimleri yoktur.<\/li><li>Ak\u0131\u015fkand\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7evremizde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ve plazma halinde olan bir \u00e7ok madde vard\u0131r. Bunlardan bir ka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek verelim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mum alevinin en s\u0131cak k\u0131sm\u0131 plazma halindedir.<\/li><li>G\u00fcne\u015f<\/li><li>Kutup \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131<\/li><li>Elektrik K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m &#8211; \u015eim\u015fek<\/li><li>Yan\u0131yorken tasarruflu ampuller ya da floresan lambalar.<\/li><li>Kibrit, odun, k\u00f6m\u00fcr&#8230; alevi<\/li><li>Volkan lavlar\u0131<\/li><li>Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar<\/li><li>Neon \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131<\/li><li>Plazma topu<\/li><li>Plazma televizyon<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki vidyoda, bir plazma \u00f6rne\u011fi olan g\u00fcne\u015f verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Spurting Plasma on the Sun\" width=\"1170\" height=\"878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Jy-LTMjVFCw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>G\u00fcne\u015f, Plazma Halinde Bir Maddedir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Plazma_Nasil_Olusur\">Plazma Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Maddenin en y\u00fcksek enerjili iyon h\u00e2li plazmad\u0131r. Kat\u0131 maddeye \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi verildi\u011finde erime, s\u0131v\u0131 maddeye \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi verildi\u011finde buharla\u015fma, gaz maddeye \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi verildi\u011finde <strong>iyonizasyon <\/strong>olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gaz h\u00e2lindeki bir maddenin enerji alarak n\u00f6tr yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozmadan iyonlar olu\u015fturmas\u0131na <strong>iyonizasyon <\/strong>denir. Enerjisi azalan plazma h\u00e2lin tekrar n\u00f6tr tanecikler h\u00e2line d\u00f6nmesine ise <strong>deiyonizasyon <\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maddenin gaz h\u00e2linde bulunan atomlar n\u00f6tr yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Bu atomlara y\u00fcksek enerji verildi\u011finde, y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerde dola\u015fan elektronlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 atomdan kopar ve bulundu\u011fu ortamda dola\u015f\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece madde baz\u0131 atomlar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u00fcz, elektron kopan atomlar\u0131 pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc ve kopan negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc elektronlardan olu\u015fan bir h\u00e2l al\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde n\u00f6tr atomlar, iyonlar ve elektronlardan olu\u015fan h\u00e2le <strong>plazma h\u00e2l<\/strong> denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cam k\u00fcreye benzer bir \u015fekilde, floresan lambalar\u0131n i\u00e7inde gaz h\u00e2lindeki atomlara y\u00fcksek voltaj elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 verildi\u011finde elektronlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 atomlardan kopar. Tekrar atoma geri d\u00f6nen elektronlardan dolay\u0131 da lamba \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7ar. Floresan lamba i\u00e7indeki madde elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece plazma h\u00e2lindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019te s\u00fcrekli radyoaktif tepkimeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Bu radyoaktif tepkimelerde \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Olu\u015fan bu enerjide G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki helyum ve hidrojen gazlar\u0131n\u0131 plazma h\u00e2line getirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maddenin Plazma hali hakk\u0131nda TYT Kimyas\u0131 seviyesinde, resim ve vidyo destekli, konu anlat\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3231,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[123],"tags":[131],"class_list":["post-3228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maddenin-halleri","tag-plazma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3228\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}