{"id":3191,"date":"2020-10-28T02:55:55","date_gmt":"2020-10-27T23:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/?p=3191"},"modified":"2020-11-02T02:01:29","modified_gmt":"2020-11-01T23:01:29","slug":"tyt-gazlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/maddenin-halleri\/tyt-gazlar\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Gazlar"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Gazlarin_Genel_Ozellikleri\">Gazlar\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Gazlari_Tanimlayan_Ozellikler\">Gazlar\u0131 Tan\u0131mlayan \u00d6zellikler<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#I_Basinc_P\">I) Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (P)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Acik_Hava_Basinci_P0\">A\u00e7\u0131k Hava Bas\u0131nc\u0131 (P0)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#II_Miktar\">II) Miktar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#III_Hacim_V\">III) Hacim (V)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#IV_Sicaklik_T\">IV) S\u0131cakl\u0131k (T)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Saf_Maddelerin_Hal_Degisim_Grafigi\">Saf Maddelerin Hal De\u011fi\u015fim Grafi\u011fi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Sicaklik_8211_Zaman_Grafigi\">S\u0131cakl\u0131k &#8211; Zaman Grafi\u011fi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Isitilan_saf_bir_katinin_sicaklik-zaman_grafigi\">Is\u0131t\u0131lan saf bir kat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k-zaman grafi\u011fi:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sogutulan_saf_bir_gazin_sicaklik-zaman_grafigi\">So\u011futulan saf bir gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k-zaman grafi\u011fi:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p>Gazlar, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n kaynamas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan maddelerdir. Atmosferimiz bir gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015famak i\u00e7in muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fumuz Oksijen elementi (O<sub>2<\/sub>), tabiatta gaz halinde bulanan bir maddedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Gazlarin_Genel_Ozellikleri\">Gazlar\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gazlar\u0131n sabit bir hacmi yoktur; i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n hacmini kaplarlar.<\/li><li>Gazlar\u0131n kimyasal t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bo\u015fluklar vard\u0131r. Bu bo\u015fluklar nedeniyle, gazlar, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ile s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak hacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclebilen maddelerdir. Kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131larda bu \u00f6zellik yoktur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Gazlar-sikistirilabilir-2-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Gazlar S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir\" class=\"wp-image-3197\" width=\"377\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Gazlar-sikistirilabilir-2-SiteCenneti.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Gazlar-sikistirilabilir-2-SiteCenneti-300x146.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/><figcaption>Gazlar S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gazlar, so\u011futularak ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/li><li>Gazlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 her zaman homojendir.<\/li><li>Bir maddenin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6z k\u00fctleli hali, gaz halidir. (Maddenin en hafif hali gaz halidir.)<\/li><li>Gazlar\u0131n kimyasal t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda bir etkile\u015fim yok kabul edilir.<\/li><li>Gazlar\u0131n kimyasal t\u00fcrleri; titre\u015fim, \u00f6teleme ve d\u00f6nme hareketi yaparlar.<\/li><li>Gazlar\u0131n kimyasal t\u00fcrleri, devaml\u0131 hareket halinde halinde olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, kaplar\u0131n kenarlar\u0131na \u00e7arparak, gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirirler.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"343\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Gaz-basinci-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Gaz Bas\u0131nc\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Gaz-basinci-SiteCenneti.jpg 343w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Gaz-basinci-SiteCenneti-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><figcaption>Gaz Bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gazlar, i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 kaplar\u0131n her yerine e\u015fit bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapar.<\/li><li>Gazlar, maddenin en d\u00fczensiz h\u00e2lidir. Yani, kimyasal t\u00fcrlerinin y\u00fcksek enerjilerinden dolay\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 ortamdan ba\u015fka bir ortama kendili\u011finden ge\u00e7ebilirler.<\/li><li>Ak\u0131\u015fkand\u0131rlar. Bulunduklar\u0131 ortam\u0131n her yerine yay\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/li><li>Bir maddenin, enerjisinin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu hali, gaz halidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc madde, \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi ala ala, kat\u0131dan gaza ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Gazlari_Tanimlayan_Ozellikler\">Gazlar\u0131 Tan\u0131mlayan \u00d6zellikler<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir gaz\u0131n, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen d\u00f6rt temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Gazlar\u0131 tarif ederken, bu d\u00f6rt temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi kullan\u0131r\u0131z. Bunlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (P)<\/li><li>Miktar<\/li><li>Hacim (V)<\/li><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131k (T)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Gelin bu \u00f6zellikleri yak\u0131ndan inceleyelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"I_Basinc_P\">I) Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (P)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#8f203c;color:#fcc4d2\">Birim y\u00fczeye uygulanan kuvvete <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">bas\u0131n\u00e7 <\/span><\/strong>denir. Bas\u0131nc\u0131n sembol\u00fc <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">P<\/span><\/strong> harfidir; birimi <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">atm<\/span> (atmosfer)<\/strong> veya <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">mmHg<\/span> (milimetre c\u0131va)&#8217;<\/strong>d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gaz tanecikleri, sahip olduklar\u0131 enerjiden dolay\u0131, devaml\u0131 hareket ederler. Devaml\u0131 hareket halinde olduklar\u0131ndan, bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyine devaml\u0131 \u00e7arparlar. Bu \u00e7arpmalar sayesinde, gaz kaba bir kuvvet uygulam\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gaz taneciklerinin birim y\u00fczeye uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 bu kuvvete gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 denir. Kapal\u0131 bir kapta bulunan her gaz, kab\u0131na mutlaka bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, su (H<sub>2<\/sub>O) molek\u00fcllerinin, gaz halinde iken, nas\u0131l hareket etti\u011fi canland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Water Molecules - part 2\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/moITG5Q7zzI?start=65&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Acik_Hava_Basinci_P0\">A\u00e7\u0131k Hava Bas\u0131nc\u0131 (P<sub>0<\/sub>)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Hava da bir gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r ve her gaz\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi havan\u0131n da bir bas\u0131nc\u0131 vard\u0131r. Atmosferimizdeki havan\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131na &#8220;<strong>a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; veya &#8220;<strong>atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; denir. A\u00e7\u0131k Hava Bas\u0131nc\u0131, &#8220;<strong>P<sub>0<\/sub><\/strong>&#8221; veya &#8220;<strong>P<sub>hava<\/sub><\/strong>&#8221; sembol\u00fc ile ifade edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130talyan bilim insan\u0131, E. Torricelli (E. Tori\u00e7elli) 1643 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyle a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Torricelli, deneyini, C\u0131va (Hg) s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ile, deniz seviyesinde ve 0 \u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Deney sonucunda, a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 760 mmHg (milimetre c\u0131va) olarak hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bas\u0131nca, daha sonra, 1 atm (atmosfer) denmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px;background-color:#1a5a7f\">1 atm = 760 mmHg<br>1 atm = 76 cmHg<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"II_Miktar\">II) Miktar<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazlar\u0131n miktar\u0131 genellikle mol say\u0131s\u0131 olarak verilir ya da sorulur. Mol say\u0131s\u0131, gazlar\u0131n kimyasal t\u00fcrlerinin (atom ya da molek\u00fcllerinin) say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sembol\u00fc &#8220;n&#8221; harfidir, birimi de &#8220;mol&#8221; d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir gaz\u0131n 1 mol gelmesi i\u00e7in, kimyasal t\u00fcrlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, <strong>Avogadro Say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong> kadar olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Avogadro say\u0131s\u0131, pi say\u0131s\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel bir say\u0131d\u0131r ve de\u011feri <strong>6,02&#215;10<sup>23<\/sup><\/strong>&#8216;t\u00fcr. Avogadro Say\u0131s\u0131 &#8220;<strong>N<sub>A<\/sub><\/strong>&#8221; ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px;background-color:#707273\"><strong>Avogadro Say\u0131s\u0131 = N<sub>A<\/sub> = 6,02&#215;10<sup>23<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffeff3\">1 mol He (Helyum) gaz\u0131nda, 6,02&#215;10<sup>23<\/sup> tane He atomu vard\u0131r.<br>1 mol N<sub>2<\/sub> (Azot) gaz\u0131nda, 6,02&#215;10<sup>23<\/sup> tane N<sub>2<\/sub> molek\u00fcl\u00fc vard\u0131r.<br>1 mol NH<sub>3<\/sub> (Amonyak) gaz\u0131nda, 6,02&#215;10<sup>23<\/sup> tane NH<sub>3<\/sub> molek\u00fcl\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mol kavram\u0131 konusu, Kimya 10 dersinde daha detayl\u0131 olarak i\u015flenecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"III_Hacim_V\">III) Hacim (V)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#8f203c;color:#fcc4d2\">Bir maddenin, bo\u015flukta kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere <span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"><strong>hacim<\/strong> <\/span>denir. Hacmin sembol\u00fc <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">V<\/span><\/strong> harfidir; birimi <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Litre <\/span>(L)<\/strong> veya <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">m<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/strong> t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazlar\u0131n hacimleri, kaplar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kab\u0131n\u0131n hacmi ka\u00e7 litre geliyorsa, gaz\u0131n da hacmi o kadard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 gaz\u0131 1 litrelik bir kaba koyarsak hacmi 1 L olur, 10 Litrelik bir kaba koyarsak hacmi 10 L olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belli ko\u015fullarda, belli miktardaki gazlar\u0131n hacimlerini ezbere bilmekte fayda vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#174b36;color:#afffdf\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Standart ko\u015fullar<\/span>: Bas\u0131nc\u0131 <strong>1 atm<\/strong>, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>25 <sup>o<\/sup>C<\/strong> olan gazlar standart ko\u015fullarda kabul edilir. Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131 da denir.<br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Normal ko\u015fullar<\/span>: Bas\u0131nc\u0131 <strong>1 atm<\/strong>, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>0 <sup>o<\/sup>C<\/strong> olan gazlar normal ko\u015fullarda kabul edilir.<br><br>&#8211; Standart ko\u015fullarda, 1 mol gaz, her zaman,<span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\"><strong> <\/strong><\/span>24,5 L hacim kaplarken<br>&#8211; Normal ko\u015fullarda, 1 mol gaz, her zaman, 22,4 L hacim kaplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"IV_Sicaklik_T\">IV) S\u0131cakl\u0131k (T)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#8f203c;color:#fcc4d2\">Bir gaz\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerden biri de s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k termometre ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Kelvin<\/span> cinsinden s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa <span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k<\/span> denir ve <span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">T<\/span> harfi ile g\u00f6sterilir.<br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Celsius (<sup>o<\/sup>C)<\/span> cinsinden s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bizim, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r ve <span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">t<\/span> harfi ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazlar ile ilgili hesaplar yaparken, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kelvin cinsinden almam\u0131z gerekecektir. Celsius (<sup>o<\/sup>C) cinsinden verilen bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kelvin&#8217;e \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki form\u00fcl kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#8f203c;color:#fcc4d2\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Kelvin (K) = Celcius (<sup>o<\/sup>C) + 273<\/span><\/strong><br>veya<br><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">T = t + 273<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131cakl\u0131k, do\u011frudan, kimyasal t\u00fcrlerin h\u0131z\u0131 ile ilgilidir. Bir gaz veya bir madde ne kadar s\u0131caksa, kimyasal t\u00fcrleri de o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir madde ne kadar s\u0131caksa, maddedeki kimyasal t\u00fcrlerin <strong>ortalama kinetik enerjisi<\/strong> o kadar fazlad\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 e\u015fit olan maddelerde, kimyasal t\u00fcrlerin,  ortalama kinetik enerjileri de e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Saf_Maddelerin_Hal_Degisim_Grafigi\">Saf Maddelerin Hal De\u011fi\u015fim Grafi\u011fi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hal de\u011fi\u015fimleri, bir maddenin, \u0131s\u0131 etkisiyle, kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131-gaz fazlar\u0131ndan birinde iken di\u011ferine ge\u00e7mesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-purple-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Saf bir madde, sabit d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda ve hal de\u011fi\u015fimi ya\u015farken, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit kal\u0131r. Yani, hal de\u011fi\u015fimine ba\u015flarken s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7 derece ise, hal de\u011fi\u015fimi bitene kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131k o de\u011ferde kal\u0131r. Hal de\u011fi\u015fimi tamamen bitti\u011finde, s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmeye devam edebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saf maddelerin bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi, onlar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlardan ay\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131 da sa\u011flar. S\u0131cakl\u0131k-zaman grafiklerinde, saf maddelerin, hal de\u011fi\u015fimi esnas\u0131nda, s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferleri yatay bir grafik olarak verilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Sicaklik_8211_Zaman_Grafigi\">S\u0131cakl\u0131k &#8211; Zaman Grafi\u011fi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Isitilan_saf_bir_katinin_sicaklik-zaman_grafigi\">Is\u0131t\u0131lan saf bir kat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k-zaman grafi\u011fi:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik, saf bir maddenin, sabit d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda, kat\u0131dan gaza do\u011fru giderken s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zamanla nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Saf-maddelerin-hal-degisimi-sicaklik-zaman-grafigi-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Saf Maddelerin S\u0131cakl\u0131k-Zaman Grafi\u011fi\" class=\"wp-image-3217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Saf-maddelerin-hal-degisimi-sicaklik-zaman-grafigi-SiteCenneti.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Saf-maddelerin-hal-degisimi-sicaklik-zaman-grafigi-SiteCenneti-300x162.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Saf Maddelerin S\u0131cakl\u0131k-Zaman Grafi\u011fi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Grafikte sadece s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve zaman aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131-gaz hallerinde tanecik d\u00fczenleri ve hal de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin isimleri de verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grafikte, dikkat ederseniz 5 adet b\u00f6lge vard\u0131r. Kat\u0131 halden ba\u015flay\u0131p, gaz haline kadar giden b\u00fct\u00fcn saf maddelerin s\u0131cakl\u0131k-zaman grafiklerinde, bu 5 b\u00f6lge mutlaka olu\u015fur. Bu b\u00f6lgelerin anlamalar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Kat\u0131 maddeye \u0131s\u0131 verdi\u011finde kat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar. S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a kat\u0131 kimyasal t\u00fcrlerin kinetik enerjileri artarak titre\u015fim hareketleri h\u0131zlan\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede h\u00e2l de\u011fi\u015fimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in madde homojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde \u0131s\u0131 verilmeye devam edilirse verilen \u0131s\u0131, kimyasal t\u00fcrleri bir arada tutan etkile\u015fimleri zay\u0131flat\u0131r. Kimyasal t\u00fcrler daha serbest hareket ederek birbiri \u00fczerinden kayar. Saf maddeler i\u00e7in bu de\u011fi\u015fimin meydana geldi\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131k maddenin erime noktas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k erime s\u00fcresince sabittir. Bu b\u00f6lgede bir miktar kat\u0131 eridi\u011fi i\u00e7in ortamda kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bulunur, madde heterojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Kat\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 eridikten sonra kaynama noktas\u0131na kadar s\u0131cakl\u0131k tekrar y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flar. Verilen \u0131s\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buharla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fckselmeye devam eder. Bu b\u00f6lgede madde homojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaynama noktas\u0131na gelince buharla\u015fma h\u0131zlan\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 tanecikleri aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimler kopar. Tanecikler daha serbest, h\u0131zl\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket eden gaz tanecikleri h\u00e2line gelir. Saf maddeler i\u00e7in bu de\u011fi\u015fimin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131k maddenin kaynama noktas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k kaynama s\u00fcresince sabittir. Bu b\u00f6lgede s\u0131v\u0131-gaz bir arada bulunur, madde heterojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 buharla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131cakl\u0131k tekrar y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flar. Verilen \u0131s\u0131, gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltir. Bu b\u00f6lgede madde homojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Sogutulan_saf_bir_gazin_sicaklik-zaman_grafigi\">So\u011futulan saf bir gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k-zaman grafi\u011fi:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki i\u015flemi tersine \u00e7evirirsek, yani saf bir gaz\u0131 so\u011futursak, bu defa madde gazdan kat\u0131ya do\u011fru hal de\u011fi\u015ftirecektir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik, tam da bu olay\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k-zaman grafi\u011fidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Saf-maddelerin-hal-degisimi-sicaklik-zaman-grafigi-soguma-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Saf Maddelerin S\u0131cakl\u0131k-Zaman Grafi\u011fi\" class=\"wp-image-3222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Saf-maddelerin-hal-degisimi-sicaklik-zaman-grafigi-soguma-SiteCenneti.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Saf-maddelerin-hal-degisimi-sicaklik-zaman-grafigi-soguma-SiteCenneti-300x185.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Saf Maddelerin S\u0131cakl\u0131k-Zaman Grafi\u011fi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu grafikte, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zamanla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve saf maddenin, gaz halinden kat\u0131ya do\u011fru hal de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fine dikkat edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grafikteki b\u00f6lgeler ve anlamlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Gaz so\u011futulursa gaz taneciklerinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. S\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u00e7e gaz kimyasal t\u00fcrlerin kinetik enerjileri azalarak hareketleri yava\u015flar. Bu b\u00f6lgede h\u00e2l de\u011fi\u015fimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in madde homojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde so\u011futmaya devam edilirse kimyasal t\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda etkile\u015fimler olu\u015farak gaz s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Saf maddeler i\u00e7in bu de\u011fi\u015fimin meydana geldi\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131k yo\u011fu\u015fma noktas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fittir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k yo\u011fu\u015fma s\u00fcresince sabittir. Bu b\u00f6lgede gaz-s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olur, madde heterojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Gaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 yo\u011fu\u015ftuktan sonra olu\u015fan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekrar d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Bu d\u00fc\u015fme donma noktas\u0131na kadar devam eder. Bu b\u00f6lgede madde tamamen s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve homojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimler olu\u015farak t\u00fcrlerin hareketi k\u0131s\u0131tlan\u0131r. Kimyasal t\u00fcrler, bulundu\u011fu yerde titre\u015fim hareketi yapar. Saf maddeler i\u00e7in bu de\u011fi\u015fimin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131k maddenin donma noktas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve erime s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fittir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k donma s\u00fcresince sabittir. Bu b\u00f6lgede s\u0131v\u0131-kat\u0131 bir arada bulunur, madde heterojendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV. B\u00f6lge:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 donduktan sonra s\u0131cakl\u0131k tekrar d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Bu b\u00f6lgede madde tamamen kat\u0131d\u0131r ve homojendir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gazlar konusu, TYT Kimyas\u0131 seviyesinde, basit ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dille anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[123],"tags":[130],"class_list":["post-3191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maddenin-halleri","tag-gazlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3191"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}