{"id":3136,"date":"2020-10-26T22:53:40","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T19:53:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/?p=3136"},"modified":"2021-11-06T17:37:43","modified_gmt":"2021-11-06T14:37:43","slug":"yukseltgenme-basamagi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/ayt-kimya\/modern-atom-teorisi\/yukseltgenme-basamagi\/","title":{"rendered":"5. Y\u00fckseltgenme Basama\u011f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Iyonlar\">\u0130yonlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazi_Elementlerin_Yukleri_Hakkinda\">Baz\u0131 Elementlerin Y\u00fckleri Hakk\u0131nda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Yukseltgenme_Basamagi_Hesaplama\">Y\u00fckseltgenme Basama\u011f\u0131 Hesaplama<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-2\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-3\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir atomun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, verdi\u011fi ya da ortakla\u015fa kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 elektron say\u0131s\u0131na <strong>y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131<\/strong> denir.<ul><li>Y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 en basit tan\u0131m\u0131 ile <strong>y\u00fck<\/strong> demektir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u0130yonik ba\u011fl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerde, atomlar elektron alm\u0131\u015f ya da vermi\u015f olurlar.<ul><li>Bunun i\u00e7in iyonik bile\u015fiklerde, atomlar\u0131n net olarak pozitif veya negatif y\u00fckleri vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>Bu y\u00fczden iyonik bile\u015fiklerde, atomlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcne <strong>iyon y\u00fck\u00fc<\/strong> de denir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Kovalent ba\u011fl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerde, atomlar\u0131n elektron almas\u0131 ya da vermesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<ul><li>Bu y\u00fczden, kovalent bile\u015fiklerde atomlar\u0131n net olarak bir y\u00fck\u00fc yoktur.<\/li><li>Bu bile\u015fiklerde, atomlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc i\u00e7in <strong>y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131<\/strong> kavram\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak daha do\u011frudur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Atomlar\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme basamaklar\u0131, \u015furalarda i\u015fimize yarar:<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/ayt-kimya\/kimya-ve-elektrik\/1-indirgenme-yukseltgenme-tepkimelerinde-elektrik-akimi\/#Redoks_Tepkimelerinin_Denklestirilmesi\">Redoks tepkimeleri denkle\u015ftirilirken<\/a> (Kimya 12 konusudur)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/kimyasal-turler-arasi-etkilesimler\/guclu-etkilesimler\/#Caprazlama_Yontemi\">\u00c7aprazlama Y\u00f6ntemi<\/a> ile bile\u015fik form\u00fclleri yaz\u0131l\u0131rken (Kimya 9 da g\u00f6rd\u00fck)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/kimyasal-turler-arasi-etkilesimler\/guclu-etkilesimler\/#Iyonik_Bagli_Bilesiklerin_Sistematik_Adlandirilmasi\">\u0130yonik ba\u011fl\u0131 bile\u015fikler adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken<\/a> (Kimya 9 da g\u00f6rd\u00fck)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Iyonlar\">\u0130yonlar<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir bile\u015fikteki b\u00fct\u00fcn atomlar asl\u0131nda birer iyondur fakat y\u00fckleri g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez.<\/li><li>Bir atomun bile\u015fi\u011findeki y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplamak i\u00e7in, bile\u015fik form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki di\u011fer atomlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ezbere bilmek gerekir.<ul><li>Bu y\u00fczden, y\u00fckseltgenme hesab\u0131 yapabilmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iyonlar\u0131 y\u00fckleri ile birlikte ezberlemek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir:<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"363\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/katyonlar-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Katyonlar\" class=\"wp-image-3137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/katyonlar-SiteCenneti.jpg 363w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/katyonlar-SiteCenneti-254x300.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><figcaption>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Katyonlar<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"363\" height=\"468\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/anyonlar-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Anyonlar\" class=\"wp-image-3138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/anyonlar-SiteCenneti.jpg 363w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/anyonlar-SiteCenneti-233x300.jpg 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><figcaption>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Anyonlar<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group stcnnt-yazi-ici-reklam\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bu bir reklamd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6366953309324763\" data-ad-slot=\"9738116384\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazi_Elementlerin_Yukleri_Hakkinda\">Baz\u0131 Elementlerin Y\u00fckleri Hakk\u0131nda<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgiler, bile\u015fiklerdeki atomlar\u0131n y\u00fcklerini daha kolay hat\u0131rlamay\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tek ba\u015f\u0131na yaz\u0131lan yani bile\u015fi\u011fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f atomlarda<ul><li>Y\u00fckleri s\u0131f\u0131rsa sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015feleri bo\u015ftur. Yani; \u015fu atomlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r, n\u00f6trd\u00fcrler:<ul><li>Fe, Cu, Ca, Na&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Y\u00fckleri s\u0131f\u0131r de\u011filse, zaten sa\u011f-\u00fcst k\u00f6\u015felerinde belirtilmi\u015ftir.<ul><li>Fe<sup>2+<\/sup>, Fe<sup>3+<\/sup>, Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>, Na<sup>+<\/sup>, Mg<sup>2+<\/sup>,&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Element molek\u00fcllerindeki atomlar\u0131n y\u00fckleri s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r. Yani; \u015fu molek\u00fcllerdeki atomlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r:<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>, Cl<sub>2<\/sub>, Br<sub>2<\/sub>, F<sub>2<\/sub>, O<sub>2<\/sub>, N<sub>2<\/sub>&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Oksijen (O) atomu, OF<sub>2<\/sub> hari\u00e7, bile\u015fiklerinde -2 y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<ul><li>OF<sub>2<\/sub> bile\u015fi\u011finde, Oksijen atomunun y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 +2&#8217;dir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Flor (F) atomu, b\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fiklerinde -1 y\u00fck al\u0131r.<\/li><li>Hidrojen (H) atomu, metallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fiklerde -1, ametallerle yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda ise +1 y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<ul><li>NaH, CaH<sub>2<\/sub> gibi metale ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fiklerinde H&#8217;nin y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 -1 dir.<\/li><li>NH<sub>3<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>O gibi ametale ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fiklerinde H&#8217;nin y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 +1 dir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>1A grubu metalleri bile\u015fiklerde +1 y\u00fck al\u0131r.<ul><li>1A grubu metalleri: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>2A grubu metalleri ise +2 y\u00fck al\u0131rlar.<ul><li>2A grubu metalleri: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>B grubu metallerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu farkl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerinde farkl\u0131 y\u00fckler alabilmektedir.<ul><li>Mesela Demir (Fe) atomu, baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerinde +2, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ise +3 y\u00fck alabilmektedir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u0130yonik bile\u015fiklerde, \u00e7aprazlamaya dikkat ederek metal ve ametalin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<ul><li>Mesela; FeCl<sub>3<\/sub> bile\u015fi\u011finde:<ul><li>Fe atomu \u00e7aprazlamaya 3 g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Fe<sup>3+<\/sup><\/li><li>Cl atomu da demirin alt\u0131na 1 g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Cl<sup>1-<\/sup> y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Metaller, b\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fiklerinde katyondur yani pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li><li>B\u00fct\u00fcn bile\u015fiklerde, en az bir anyon ve en az bir katyon vard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Yukseltgenme_Basamagi_Hesaplama\">Y\u00fckseltgenme Basama\u011f\u0131 Hesaplama<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 \u015fu kurallara g\u00f6re bulunur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bile\u015fiklerdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn atomlar\u0131n mutlaka s\u0131f\u0131rdan farkl\u0131 bir y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r fakat g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez.<\/li><li><strong><em>Bir bile\u015fi\u011fin form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn atomlar\u0131n, y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 her zaman s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><ul><li>Mesela; NaCl bile\u015fi\u011findeki sodyum ve klor atomlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<ul><li>Na<sup>+1<\/sup> ve Cl<sup>-1<\/sup> dir.<\/li><li>Atomlar\u0131n y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 da (+1 -1) s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong><em>Y\u00fckl\u00fc bir molek\u00fcldeki (k\u00f6k iyon) atomlar\u0131n toplam y\u00fck\u00fc, molek\u00fcl\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnen y\u00fck\u00fcne e\u015fittir.<\/em><\/strong><ul><li>\u00d6rne\u011fin;<ul><li><strong>NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/strong> k\u00f6k iyonundaki 4 atomun y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 -1 yapar,<\/li><li><strong>SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><\/strong> k\u00f6k iyonundaki 5 atomun toplam y\u00fck\u00fc ise -2 yapar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I) N<sub>2<\/sub><br>II) NH<sub>3<\/sub><br>III) N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub><br>IV) NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yukar\u0131da verilen kimyasal t\u00fcrlerde, Azot (N) atomlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>I) 0<br>II) -3<br>III) +4<br>IV) +5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#056642\">I) N<sub>2<\/sub> bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr ve toplam y\u00fck\u00fc 0 d\u0131r. Yani, molek\u00fcldeki iki N (Azot) atomunun y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam\u0131 0 olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<br><br>(N<sub>2<\/sub>)<sup>0<\/sup><br><br>N atomlar\u0131n\u0131n her birinin y\u00fck\u00fcne x dersek ve toplamlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra e\u015fitlersek:<br><br>(N<sup>x<\/sup> N<sup>x<\/sup>)<sup>0<\/sup><br><br>x + x = 0<br>x = 0 olur.<br><br><em>Cevap: 0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#694f07\">II) NH<sub>3<\/sub> bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr ve toplam y\u00fck\u00fc 0 d\u0131r. Yani, molek\u00fcldeki bir tane N (Azot) ve \u00fc\u00e7 tane H (Hidrojen) atomunun y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 0 olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<br><br>(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sup>0<\/sup><br><br>H atomu, Azot gibi ametallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fiklerde +1 y\u00fck al\u0131r. N atomunun y\u00fck\u00fcne x dersek ve herkesin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra e\u015fitlersek:<br><br>(N<sup>x<\/sup> H<sup>+1<\/sup> H<sup>+1<\/sup> H<sup>+1<\/sup>)<sup>0<\/sup><br><br>x + 1 +1 +1  = 0<br>x = -3 olur.<br><br><em>Cevap: -3<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0e6907\">III) N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub> bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr ve toplam y\u00fck\u00fc 0 d\u0131r. Yani, molek\u00fcldeki iki tane N (Azot) ve d\u00f6rt tane O (Oksijen) atomunun y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 0 olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<br><br>(N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub>)<sup>0<\/sup><br><br>O atomu, bile\u015fiklerinde -2 y\u00fck al\u0131r. N atomunun y\u00fck\u00fcne x dersek ve herkesin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra e\u015fitlersek:<br><br>(N<sup>x<\/sup> N<sup>x<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup>)<sup>0<\/sup><br><br>x + x &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2  = 0<br>2x &#8211; 8 = 0<br>2x = 8<br>x = +4 olur.<br><br><em>Cevap: +4<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#1e5676\">IV) NO<sub>3<\/sub><strong><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/strong> bir iyondur ve toplam y\u00fck\u00fc -1&#8217;dir. Yani, molek\u00fcldeki bir tane N (Azot) ve \u00fc\u00e7 tane O (Oksijen) atomunun y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 -1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<br><br>(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sup>-1<\/sup><br><br>O atomu, bile\u015fiklerinde -2 y\u00fck al\u0131r. N atomunun y\u00fck\u00fcne x dersek ve herkesin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam\u0131n\u0131 -1&#8217;e e\u015fitlersek:<br><br>(N<sup>x<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup>)<sup>-1<\/sup><br><br>x &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2  = -1<br>x &#8211; 6 = -1<br>x = 6 &#8211; 1<br>x = +5 olur.<br><br><em>Cevap: +5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group stcnnt-yazi-ici-reklam\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bu bir reklamd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6366953309324763\" data-ad-slot=\"9738116384\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-2\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NH<sub>4<\/sub>NO<sub>3<\/sub> (Amonyum nitrat) bile\u015fi\u011findeki N (azot) atomlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>-3 ve +5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>Y\u00fck\u00fc sorulan atom, bir k\u00f6k iyon i\u00e7inde ise, sadece bu k\u00f6k iyonu ele alarak, bu atomun y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc bulabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NH<sub>4<\/sub>NO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong> bile\u015fi\u011fi, \u015fu iki k\u00f6k iyonun \u00e7aprazlanmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup><\/strong> <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">(Amonyum)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/strong> <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">(Nitrat)<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu iki k\u00f6k iyonu ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele al\u0131p azotlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplarsak, bizden isteneni bulmu\u015f oluruz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#1e5676\">NO<sub>3<\/sub><strong><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/strong> bir iyondur ve toplam y\u00fck\u00fc -1&#8217;dir. Yani, molek\u00fcldeki bir tane N (Azot) ve \u00fc\u00e7 tane O (Oksijen) atomunun y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 -1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<br><br>(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sup>-1<\/sup><br><br>O atomu, bile\u015fiklerinde -2 y\u00fck al\u0131r. N atomunun y\u00fck\u00fcne x dersek ve herkesin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam\u0131n\u0131 -1&#8217;e e\u015fitlersek:<br><br>(N<sup>x<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup>)<sup>-1<\/sup><br><br>x &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2  = -1<br>x &#8211; 6 = -1<br>x = 6 &#8211; 1<br>x = +5 olur.<br><br><em>Cevap: +5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#5c5d5d\">NH<sub>4<\/sub><strong><sup>+<\/sup><\/strong> bir iyondur ve toplam y\u00fck\u00fc +1&#8217;dir. Yani, molek\u00fcldeki bir tane N (Azot) ve d\u00f6rt tane H (Hidrojen) atomunun y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 +1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<br><br>(NH<sub>4<\/sub>)<sup>+1<\/sup><br><br>H atomu, ametallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fiklerinde +1 y\u00fck al\u0131r. N atomunun y\u00fck\u00fcne x dersek ve herkesin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam\u0131n\u0131 +1&#8242; e e\u015fitlersek:<br><br>(N<sup>x<\/sup> H<sup>+1<\/sup> H<sup>+1<\/sup> H<sup>+1<\/sup> H<sup>+1<\/sup>)<sup><strong>+1<\/strong><\/sup><br><br>x + 1 +1 +1 +1 = +1<br>x + 4 = +1<br>x = 1 &#8211; 4<br>x =  -3 olur.<br><br><em>Cevap: -3<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group stcnnt-yazi-ici-reklam\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bu bir reklamd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6366953309324763\" data-ad-slot=\"9738116384\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-3\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ca<sub>3<\/sub>(PO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub> bile\u015fi\u011findeki, P (Fosfor) atomunun y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>+5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p><strong><strong>Ca<sub>3<\/sub>(PO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/strong> bile\u015fi\u011fi, \u015fu iki iyonun \u00e7aprazlanmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><\/strong> <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">(Kalsiyum)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>PO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>3-<\/sup><\/strong> <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">(Fosfat)<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bile\u015fi\u011fin tamam\u0131 yerine, sadece PO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>3-<\/sup> iyonunu ele al\u0131p, P atomunun y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplarsak, yine bizden isteneni bulmu\u015f oluruz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#1e5676\">PO<sub>4<\/sub><strong><sup>3-<\/sup><\/strong> bir k\u00f6k iyondur ve toplam y\u00fck\u00fc -3&#8217;t\u00fcr. Yani, molek\u00fcldeki bir tane P (Fosfor) ve d\u00f6rt tane O (Oksijen) atomunun y\u00fcklerinin toplam\u0131 -3 olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<br><br>(PO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sup>-3<\/sup><br><br>O atomu, bile\u015fiklerinde -2 y\u00fck al\u0131r. P atomunun y\u00fck\u00fcne x dersek ve herkesin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam\u0131n\u0131 -3&#8217;e e\u015fitlersek:<br><br>(P<sup>x<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup> O<sup>-2<\/sup>)<sup>-3<\/sup><br><br>x &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2 &#8211; 2  = -3<br>x &#8211; 8 = -3<br>x = -3 + 8<br>x = +5 olur.<br><br><em>Cevap: +5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131, atomlar\u0131n bile\u015fiklerinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcklerdir. Bile\u015fiklerdeki atomlar\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r? Cevab\u0131 bu derste.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[128],"class_list":["post-3136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modern-atom-teorisi","tag-yukseltgenme-basamagi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}