{"id":3017,"date":"2020-10-23T01:54:09","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T22:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/?p=3017"},"modified":"2022-04-19T16:31:37","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T13:31:37","slug":"maddenin-fiziksel-halleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/maddenin-halleri\/maddenin-fiziksel-halleri\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Maddenin Fiziksel Halleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Kati_8211_Sivi_8211_Gaz_Farki\">Kat\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131 &#8211; Gaz Fark\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kati_Hal\">Kat\u0131 Hal<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sivi_Hal\">S\u0131v\u0131 Hal<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Gaz_Hal\">Gaz Hal<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hal_Degisimi_Olaylari\">Hal De\u011fi\u015fimi Olaylar\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Erime_ve_Donma\">Erime ve Donma<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Erime_ve_Donma_Olayinda_Isi_Alis-Verisi\">Erime ve Donma Olay\u0131nda Is\u0131 Al\u0131\u015f-Veri\u015fi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Erime_ve_Donma_Tepkimeleri\">Erime ve Donma Tepkimeleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Tam_erime_noktasindaki_bir_madde\">Tam erime noktas\u0131ndaki bir madde:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynama_ve_Yogusma\">Kaynama ve Yo\u011fu\u015fma<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kaynama_ve_Yogunlasma_Olayinda_Isi_Alis-Verisi\">Kaynama ve Yo\u011funla\u015fma Olay\u0131nda Is\u0131 Al\u0131\u015f-Veri\u015fi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynama_ve_Yogunlasma_Tepkimeleri\">Kaynama ve Yo\u011funla\u015fma Tepkimeleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Tam_kaynama_noktasindaki_bir_madde\">Tam kaynama noktas\u0131ndaki bir madde:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sublimlesme_ve_Kiragilasma\">S\u00fcblimle\u015fme ve K\u0131ra\u011f\u0131la\u015fma<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Endotermik_Isi_Alan_Hal_Degisimleri\">Endotermik (Is\u0131 Alan) Hal De\u011fi\u015fimleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ekzotermik_Isi_Veren_Hal_Degisimleri\">Ekzotermik (Is\u0131 Veren) Hal De\u011fi\u015fimleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Suyun_Kati_8211_Sivi_8211_Gaz_Hallerinin_Onemi\">Suyun Kat\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131 &#8211; Gaz Hallerinin \u00d6nemi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Su_Dongusu\">Su D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Endustride_Hal_Degisim_Olaylari\">End\u00fcstride Hal De\u011fi\u015fim Olaylar\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#LPG_Likit_Petrol_Gazi\">LPG (Likit Petrol Gaz\u0131)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#LNG\">LNG<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Itici_Gazlar\">\u0130tici Gazlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sogutucu_Akiskanlar\">So\u011futucu Ak\u0131\u015fkanlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Havadan_Azot_ve_Oksijen_Eldesi\">Havadan Azot ve Oksijen Eldesi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Azotu_ve_Oksijeni_Havadan_Ayirma_Islemi\">Azotu ve Oksijeni Havadan Ay\u0131rma \u0130\u015flemi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kati_CO2_ve_Sivi_Azot\">Kat\u0131 CO2 ve S\u0131v\u0131 Azot<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>K\u00fctlesi ve hacmi olan (bo\u015flukta yer kaplayan) her \u015feye <strong>madde <\/strong>denir.<ul><li>B\u00fct\u00fcn maddelerin;<ul><li><strong>K\u00fctlesi <\/strong>(m)<\/li><li><strong>Hacmi <\/strong>(V)<\/li><li><strong>Eylemsizlik kuvveti (F)<\/strong> olmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Bu 3 \u00f6zellik maddelerin ortak \u00f6zellikleridir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Maddelerin <strong>3 temel fiziksel hali<\/strong> vard\u0131r. Bunlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<ol><li>Kat\u0131 hal (Kat\u0131 faz)<\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131 hal (S\u0131v\u0131 faz)<\/li><li>Gaz hal (Gaz faz)<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Maddenin hallerine, &#8220;<strong>maddenin fazlar\u0131<\/strong>&#8221; da denir.<\/li><li>Maddelerin kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz hale ek olarak &#8220;<strong>Plazma<\/strong>&#8221; hali de vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>Kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz haline en \u00e7ok \u015fahit oldu\u011fumuz madde <strong>sudur<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong><em>Suyun <\/em><\/strong><ul><li><strong><em>kat\u0131 haline &#8220;buz&#8221; veya &#8220;kat\u0131 su&#8221;,<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong><em>s\u0131v\u0131 haline &#8220;su&#8221; veya &#8220;s\u0131v\u0131 su&#8221;,<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><em>gaz haline de &#8220;buhar&#8221; veya &#8220;su buhar\u0131&#8221; diyoruz.<\/em><\/strong><ul><li>Su; hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, kat\u0131dan s\u0131v\u0131ya veya s\u0131v\u0131dan gaz haline veya tam tersine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febiliyor.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Kat\u0131-S\u0131v\u0131-Gaz halleri aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin her biri, bir, <strong><em>hal de\u011fi\u015fimi olayd\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><ul><li>Sadece su de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn maddeler uygun ko\u015fullar yerine getirildi\u011finde hal de\u011fi\u015fimine u\u011frar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kati_8211_Sivi_8211_Gaz_Farki\">Kat\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131 &#8211; Gaz Fark\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#e6f5ff\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>Bir maddenin kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz halleri aras\u0131ndaki temel farklar\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nce yandaki\/a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki videoya bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Videoda:<ol><li>H<sub>2<\/sub> ve O<sub>2<\/sub> molek\u00fcllerinden H<sub>2<\/sub>O (su) molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fumu<\/li><li>Su molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn polar yap\u0131s\u0131 ve hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131<\/li><li>Suyun \u00f6nce s\u0131v\u0131 hali, sonra kat\u0131 ve sonra gaz hali canland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Water Molecule Close up\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oeOcfm9qDMI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Suyun Kat\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131 &#8211; Gaz Halleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#aaffe0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kati_Hal\">Kat\u0131 Hal<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ya <strong>erime noktas\u0131na<\/strong> e\u015fit ya da erime noktas\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/li><li>Kimyasal t\u00fcrleri, en d\u00fczenli haldedir.<\/li><li><em><strong>Kimyasal t\u00fcrler aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>Maddenin en yo\u011fun halidir. (Su, Bizmut, Antimon hari\u00e7)<\/li><li><em><strong>Kimyasal t\u00fcrler titre\u015fim hareketi yapar.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamazlar.<\/li><li><em><strong>Ak\u0131\u015fkan de\u011fildirler.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>Belli bir \u015fekilleri ve hacimleri vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>Bir maddenin kat\u0131 oldu\u011fu, form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ya da sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn sol alt\u0131na &#8220;<strong>(k)<\/strong>&#8221; ifadesi b\u0131rak\u0131larak g\u00f6sterilir.<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(k)<\/sub> : Kat\u0131 su<\/li><li>Ca<sub>(k)<\/sub> : Kat\u0131 kalsiyum<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Sivi_Hal\">S\u0131v\u0131 Hal<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ya <strong>donma ve kaynama noktalar\u0131na<\/strong> e\u015fit ya da bu ikisi aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/li><li>Kimyasal t\u00fcrler kat\u0131dan daha d\u00fczensizdir.<\/li><li><em><strong>Kimyasal t\u00fcrler aras\u0131 bo\u015fluk kat\u0131lara g\u00f6re daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>Yo\u011funlu\u011fu kat\u0131dan daha az, gazdan daha \u00e7oktur.<\/li><li><em><strong>Kimyasal t\u00fcrler titre\u015fim ve \u00f6teleme hareketi yapar.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamazlar.<\/li><li><em><strong>Ak\u0131\u015fkand\u0131rlar<\/strong><\/em>.<\/li><li>Belli bir hacimleri vard\u0131r fakat; kaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillerini al\u0131rlar.<\/li><li>Bir maddenin s\u0131v\u0131 oldu\u011fu, form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ya da sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn sol alt\u0131na &#8220;<strong>(s)<\/strong>&#8221; ifadesi b\u0131rak\u0131larak g\u00f6sterilir.<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> : S\u0131v\u0131 su<\/li><li>Ca<sub>(s)<\/sub> : S\u0131v\u0131 kalsiyum<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Gaz_Hal\">Gaz Hal<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ya <strong>kaynama noktas\u0131na<\/strong> e\u015fit ya da kaynama noktas\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/li><li>Kimyasal t\u00fcrler en d\u00fczensiz haldedir.<\/li><li><em><strong>Kimyasal t\u00fcrler aras\u0131 bo\u015fluk, kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131lara g\u00f6re \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>Yo\u011funlu\u011fun en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu haldir.<\/li><li><em><strong>Kimyasal t\u00fcrler titre\u015fim, \u00f6teleme ve d\u00f6nme hareketi yapar.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirler.<\/li><li><em><strong>Ak\u0131\u015fkand\u0131rlar.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>Belli bir hacim ve \u015fekilleri yoktur. Kaplar\u0131n\u0131n hacmini kaplarlar ve \u015fekillerini al\u0131rlar.<\/li><li>Bir maddenin gaz oldu\u011fu, form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ya da sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn sol alt\u0131na &#8220;<strong>(g)<\/strong>&#8221; ifadesi b\u0131rak\u0131larak g\u00f6sterilir.<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(g)<\/sub> : Gaz su<\/li><li>Ca<sub>(g)<\/sub> : Gaz kalsiyum<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Hal_Degisimi_Olaylari\">Hal De\u011fi\u015fimi Olaylar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Fiziksel halini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi, sadece suya \u00f6zg\u00fc bir durum de\u011fildir.<ul><li>T\u0131pk\u0131 su gibi, b\u00fct\u00fcn maddeler, uygun bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda, uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa geldiklerinde, hal de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirler.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Maddelerin, fiziksel halinin de\u011fi\u015fmesine, hal de\u011fi\u015fimi denir.<\/strong><\/li><li>Kat\u0131, S\u0131v\u0131 ve Gaz halleri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn hal de\u011fi\u015fimi olaylar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015femada \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Hal-Degisimi-Olaylari.jpg\" alt=\"Hal De\u011fi\u015fimi Olaylar\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-3018\" width=\"610\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Hal-Degisimi-Olaylari.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Hal-Degisimi-Olaylari-300x100.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><figcaption>Hal De\u011fi\u015fimi Olaylar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Erime_ve_Donma\">Erime ve Donma<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#ffe9ad\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Erime<\/strong>: Maddenin kat\u0131dan s\u0131vaya ge\u00e7mesi olay\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong>Donma<\/strong>: Maddenin s\u0131v\u0131dan kat\u0131ya ge\u00e7mesi olayd\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong>Erime Noktas\u0131 (Erime S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/strong>: Bir kat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong>Donma Noktas\u0131 (Donma S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/strong>: Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ice cube melting\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1C_IHtJ2qcw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Buzun Erimesi &#8211; Suyun Donmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e9e9e9\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#6f6f6f\"><strong>Erime Noktas\u0131 = Donma Noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Erime ve donma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, <strong>kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bir kap\u0131<\/strong> gibidir:<ul><li>Kat\u0131, hangi kap\u0131dan s\u0131v\u0131ya ge\u00e7tiyse, s\u0131v\u0131 da ayn\u0131 kap\u0131dan geri d\u00f6nerek kat\u0131ya ge\u00e7er.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Yani; bir maddenin <strong>erime s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>donma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<ul><li>Mesela, Galyum (Ga) metali 30 dereceye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa erir ve s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er.<ul><li>Galyum s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 derece ve \u00fczerindedir.<\/li><li>29 derecede ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda Galyum s\u0131v\u0131 bulunamaz.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131 Ga metali ise yine 30 dereceye kadar so\u011futulursa donar ve kat\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er.<ul><li>Galyum kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30 dereceden yukar\u0131 olamaz.<\/li><li>31 derece ve daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda galyum kat\u0131s\u0131 bulunamaz.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Erime_ve_Donma_Olayinda_Isi_Alis-Verisi\">Erime ve Donma Olay\u0131nda Is\u0131 Al\u0131\u015f-Veri\u015fi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#fddfff\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir madde, <strong>erime s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan (erime noktas\u0131ndan)<\/strong> daha so\u011fukken kat\u0131 haldedir.<\/li><li>Bir kat\u0131y\u0131 eritmek i\u00e7in, \u0131s\u0131tmal\u0131y\u0131z.<ul><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 erime s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00fckselen kat\u0131, <strong>erimeye <\/strong>ba\u015flar.<\/li><li>Is\u0131tmaya devam edersek tamamen <strong>erir <\/strong>ve s\u0131v\u0131 olur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Eriyen madde \u0131s\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, erime olay\u0131 <strong>endotermiktir<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir madde, <strong>donma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan (donma noktas\u0131ndan)<\/strong> daha s\u0131cakken s\u0131v\u0131 haldedir.<\/li><li>Bir s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131, dondurmak i\u00e7in so\u011futmal\u0131y\u0131z.<ul><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 donma noktas\u0131na kadar d\u00fc\u015fen s\u0131v\u0131lar <strong>donmaya <\/strong>ba\u015flar.<\/li><li>So\u011futma i\u015flemine devam edersek tamamen <strong>donar <\/strong>ve kat\u0131 olurlar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Donan madde \u0131s\u0131 verdi\u011fi (so\u011fudu\u011fu) i\u00e7in, donma olay\u0131 <strong>ekzotermiktir<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Erime_ve_Donma_Tepkimeleri\">Erime ve Donma Tepkimeleri<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#d2eeff\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Erime olay\u0131n\u0131 bir tepkime denklemi ile g\u00f6stermek istersek;<ul><li>Tepkime okunun arkas\u0131nda maddenin kat\u0131 hali<\/li><li>Tepkime okunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde de maddenin s\u0131v\u0131 halini yazmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u00d6rnek:<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(k)<\/sub> <strong> &#8212;&gt; <\/strong> H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Donma olay\u0131n\u0131 bir tepkime denklemi ile g\u00f6stermek istersek;<ul><li>Tepkime okunun arkas\u0131nda maddenin s\u0131v\u0131 hali<\/li><li>Tepkime okunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde de maddenin kat\u0131 halini yazmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u00d6rnek:<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> <strong> &#8212;&gt; <\/strong> H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(k)<\/sub><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Tam_erime_noktasindaki_bir_madde\">Tam erime noktas\u0131ndaki bir madde:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#ffdaff\"><li>Ayn\u0131 zamanda <strong>tam donma noktas\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li><li>Tamamen kat\u0131 olabilir: Erimenin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 an veya donman\u0131n bitti\u011fi anda ise.<\/li><li>Tamamen s\u0131v\u0131 olabilir: Donman\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 an veya erimenin bitti\u011fi anda ise.<\/li><li>Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kat\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 olabilir: Erime ve donma olay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi anda ise.<\/li><li><strong>Is\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa<\/strong>: <ul><li>Kat\u0131 ise erimeye ba\u015flar.<\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131 ise daha s\u0131cak bir s\u0131v\u0131 olur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>So\u011futulursa<\/strong>:<ul><li>Kat\u0131 ise daha so\u011fuk bir kat\u0131 olur.<\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131 ise donmaya ba\u015flar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#ffcdd9\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Liquid Metal that is Safe to Touch and Play with\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0Hx2DYx4umQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Galyum (Ga) Metalinin Kat\u0131 ve S\u0131v\u0131 Hali<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Merak edenler i\u00e7in erimi\u015f (s\u0131v\u0131) Galyum (Ga) metali<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kaynama_ve_Yogusma\">Kaynama ve Yo\u011fu\u015fma<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#ffe9ad\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kaynama (Buharla\u015fma)<\/strong>: Maddenin s\u0131v\u0131dan gaza ge\u00e7mesi olay\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong>Yo\u011fu\u015fma (Yo\u011funla\u015fma)<\/strong>: Maddenin gazdan s\u0131v\u0131ya ge\u00e7mesi olayd\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong>Kaynama Noktas\u0131 (Kaynama S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: Bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n, gaz (buhar) haline ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong>Yo\u011funla\u015fma Noktas\u0131 (Yo\u011fu\u015fma S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/strong>: Bir gaz\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What is boiling? An Introduction\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Py0GEByCke4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n Kaynamas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e9e9e9\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#6f6f6f\"><strong>Kaynama Noktas\u0131 = Yo\u011funla\u015fma Noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kaynama ve yo\u011funla\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, <strong>s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz aras\u0131ndaki bir kap\u0131<\/strong> gibidir:<ul><li>S\u0131v\u0131, hangi kap\u0131dan gaza ge\u00e7tiyse, gaz da ayn\u0131 kap\u0131dan geri d\u00f6nerek s\u0131v\u0131ya ge\u00e7er.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Yani; bir maddenin <strong>kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ile <strong>yo\u011funla\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<ul><li>Mesela, etil alkol 78 dereceye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa kaynar ve gaz haline ge\u00e7er.<ul><li>Alkol s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir zaman 78 dereceden y\u00fcksek olamaz.<\/li><li>Yani; 79 derecede ve daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda alkol gaz halindedir, s\u0131v\u0131 halde bulunamaz.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Gaz alkol ise yine 78 dereceye kadar so\u011futulursa yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r ve s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er.<ul><li><span style=\"color: initial;\">S\u0131v\u0131lar her s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015fabilirler.<\/span><\/li><li>B<span style=\"color: initial;\">uhar haline ge\u00e7ebilmek i\u00e7in, bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kaynamas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131 haldeki b\u00fct\u00fcn maddelerin \u00fczerinde buharlar\u0131 her zaman vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>Alkol\u00fcn s\u0131v\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda buhar\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kaynama_ve_Yogunlasma_Olayinda_Isi_Alis-Verisi\">Kaynama ve Yo\u011funla\u015fma Olay\u0131nda Is\u0131 Al\u0131\u015f-Veri\u015fi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#fddfff\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir madde, <strong>kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan<\/strong> daha so\u011fukken s\u0131v\u0131 haldedir.<\/li><li>Bir s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 kaynatmak i\u00e7in, \u0131s\u0131tmal\u0131y\u0131z.<ul><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00fckselen s\u0131v\u0131, <strong>kaynamaya <\/strong>ba\u015flar.<\/li><li>Is\u0131tmaya devam edersek tamamen <strong>kaynar <\/strong>ve buhar olur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Kaynayan madde \u0131s\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131) i\u00e7in, kaynama olay\u0131 <strong>endotermiktir<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir madde, <strong>yo\u011fu\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan<\/strong> daha s\u0131cakken gaz haldedir.<\/li><li>Bir gaz\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in so\u011futmal\u0131y\u0131z.<ul><li>S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yo\u011fu\u015fma noktas\u0131na kadar d\u00fc\u015fen gazlar <strong>yo\u011fu\u015fmaya <\/strong>ba\u015flar.<\/li><li>So\u011futma i\u015flemine devam edersek tamamen <strong>yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r<\/strong> ve s\u0131v\u0131 olurlar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Yo\u011funla\u015fan madde \u0131s\u0131 verdi\u011fi (so\u011fudu\u011fu) i\u00e7in, yo\u011fu\u015fma olay\u0131 <strong>ekzotermiktir<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kaynama_ve_Yogunlasma_Tepkimeleri\">Kaynama ve Yo\u011funla\u015fma Tepkimeleri<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#d7efff\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kaynama olay\u0131n\u0131 <\/strong>bir tepkime denklemi ile g\u00f6stermek istersek;<ul><li>Tepkime okunun arkas\u0131nda maddenin s\u0131v\u0131 hali<\/li><li>Tepkime okunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde de maddenin gaz halini yazmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u00d6rnek:<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> <strong> &#8212;&gt; <\/strong> H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(g)<\/sub><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Yo\u011funla\u015fma olay\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> bir tepkime denklemi ile g\u00f6stermek istersek;<ul><li>Tepkime okunun arkas\u0131nda maddenin gaz hali<\/li><li>Tepkime okunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde de maddenin s\u0131v\u0131 halini yazmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u00d6rnek:<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(g)<\/sub> <strong> &#8212;&gt; <\/strong> H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Tam_kaynama_noktasindaki_bir_madde\">Tam kaynama noktas\u0131ndaki bir madde:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#f4ceff\"><li>Ayn\u0131 zamanda tam <strong>yo\u011funla\u015fma noktas\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Tamamen s\u0131v\u0131 olabilir: Kaynaman\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 an veya yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n bitti\u011fi anda ise.<\/li><li>Tamamen gaz olabilir: Kaynaman\u0131n bitti\u011fi an veya yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda ise.<\/li><li>Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gaz, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 olabilir: Kaynama veya yo\u011fu\u015fma olay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte oldu\u011fu anda ise.<\/li><li><strong>Is\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa<\/strong>: <ul><li>S\u0131v\u0131 ise kaynamaya ba\u015flar.<\/li><li>Gaz ise daha s\u0131cak bir gaz olur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>So\u011futulursa<\/strong>:<ul><li>S\u0131v\u0131 ise daha so\u011fuk bir s\u0131v\u0131 olur.<\/li><li>Gaz ise yo\u011funla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Sublimlesme_ve_Kiragilasma\">S\u00fcblimle\u015fme ve K\u0131ra\u011f\u0131la\u015fma<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>S\u00fcblimle\u015fme<\/strong>: Kat\u0131dan gaza ge\u00e7me olay\u0131d\u0131r.<ul><li>Bu olayda, kat\u0131 madde \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7meden do\u011frudan buhar haline ge\u00e7er.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Uygun \u015fartlar sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, maddeler s\u00fcblimle\u015febilir.<\/li><li>Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, s\u00fcblimle\u015fme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip ba\u015fl\u0131ca kat\u0131lar \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>Naftalin<\/li><li>I<sub>2<\/sub> (iyot)<\/li><li>CO<sub>2<\/sub> (Karbon dioksit) kat\u0131lar\u0131<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>K\u0131ra\u011f\u0131la\u015fma (Depozisyon veya Geri s\u00fcblimle\u015fme)<\/strong>: S\u00fcblimle\u015fme olay\u0131n\u0131n tersidir.<ul><li>Gaz halindeki madde, so\u011futuldu\u011funda s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7meden do\u011frudan kat\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er.<\/li><li>S\u00fcblimle\u015febilen kat\u0131lar\u0131n, buharlar\u0131 so\u011futuldu\u011funda, k\u0131ra\u011f\u0131la\u015farak kat\u0131 hale ge\u00e7erler.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p><strong><em>\u0130yot (I<sub>2<\/sub>) kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcblimle\u015fmesi  ve k\u0131ra\u011f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olur:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chemistry experiment 47 - Sublimation of Iodine\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jX9pskbKSw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>\u0130yotun (I<sub>2<\/sub>) S\u00fcblimle\u015fmesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p><strong><em>Kuru buzun (CO<sub>2(k)<\/sub> &#8211; Karbon dioksit kat\u0131s\u0131) s\u00fcblimle\u015fme deneyini izle:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dry Ice Experiments - You Can Try at Home\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MOgUpI4c2yk?start=67&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Kuru Buzun S\u00fcblimle\u015fmesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Endotermik_Isi_Alan_Hal_Degisimleri\">Endotermik (Is\u0131 Alan) Hal De\u011fi\u015fimleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik, buzun su buhar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi esans\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir: (Grafi\u011fin detaylar\u0131 \u00fcnitenin <a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/maddenin-halleri\/tyt-gazlar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gazlar<\/a> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde verilecektir.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"542\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Suyun-Isitilmasi-Hal-Degisimi.jpg\" alt=\"Endotermik Hal De\u011fi\u015fimleri -Suyun Hal De\u011fi\u015fimi Grafi\u011fi\" class=\"wp-image-12059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Suyun-Isitilmasi-Hal-Degisimi.jpg 542w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Suyun-Isitilmasi-Hal-Degisimi-300x212.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><figcaption>Suyun Is\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Hal De\u011fi\u015fimi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Buz \u0131s\u0131 alarak suya, su da \u0131s\u0131 alarak buhara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/li><li>Is\u0131 alarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylara <strong>endotermik olay<\/strong> denir.<\/li><li>Madde; kat\u0131dan gaza do\u011fru hal de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorsa, \u0131s\u0131 almak zorundad\u0131r.<ul><li>Yani; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen hal de\u011fi\u015fim olaylar\u0131, <strong>endotermik olaylard\u0131r<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Erime<\/strong>: Bir kat\u0131y\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmadan eritemeyiz.<\/li><li><strong>Kaynama<\/strong>: Bir s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmadan kaynatamay\u0131z.<\/li><li><strong>S\u00fcblimle\u015fme<\/strong>: Bir kat\u0131y\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmadan buharla\u015ft\u0131ramay\u0131z.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ekzotermik_Isi_Veren_Hal_Degisimleri\">Ekzotermik (Is\u0131 Veren) Hal De\u011fi\u015fimleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik, su buhar\u0131n\u0131n buza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi esans\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir: (Grafi\u011fin detaylar\u0131 \u00fcnitenin <a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/maddenin-halleri\/tyt-gazlar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gazlar<\/a> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde verilecektir.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Suyun-Sogutulmasi-Hal-Degisimi.jpg\" alt=\"Hal De\u011fi\u015fimi Olaylar\u0131 - Ekzotermik - Suyun So\u011futulmas\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-12060\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Suyun-Sogutulmasi-Hal-Degisimi.jpg 560w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/Suyun-Sogutulmasi-Hal-Degisimi-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><figcaption>Suyun So\u011futulmas\u0131 ve Hal De\u011fi\u015fimi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Madde; gazdan kat\u0131ya do\u011fru hal de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorsa, \u0131s\u0131 vermek zorundad\u0131r. Yani; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen hal de\u011fi\u015fimi olaylar\u0131 ekzotermiktir:<ol><li><strong>Donma<\/strong>: Bir s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 so\u011futmadan donduramay\u0131z.<\/li><li><strong>Yo\u011fu\u015fma<\/strong>: Bir gaz\u0131 so\u011futmadan s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ramay\u0131z.<\/li><li><strong>K\u0131ra\u011f\u0131la\u015fma<\/strong>: Bir gaz\u0131 so\u011futmadan kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ramay\u0131z.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Sude, online bir al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f sitesine girerek, Mara\u015f&#8217;tan dondurma sipari\u015fi vermi\u015ftir. Sipari\u015fi alan firma, kargo s\u00fcresince erimemesi i\u00e7in, dondurmay\u0131 paketlerken, paketin i\u00e7ine kuru buz da koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Buna g\u00f6re, dondurman\u0131n erimesini engelleyen ve yayg\u0131n ad\u0131 kuru buz olan bu maddenin form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A) H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(k)<\/sub><br>B) CO<sub>2(k)<\/sub><br>C) I<sub>2(k)<\/sub><br>D) C<sub>(k)<\/sub><br>E) S<sub>(k)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>B<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Suyun_Kati_8211_Sivi_8211_Gaz_Hallerinin_Onemi\">Suyun Kat\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131 &#8211; Gaz Hallerinin \u00d6nemi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %70&#8217;i sularla kapl\u0131d\u0131r.<ul><li>Fakat; yer y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki sular\u0131n sadece %3 kadar\u0131 tatl\u0131 sudur.<\/li><li>Tatl\u0131 sular\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 kutuplarda buz halindedir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Suyun (H<sub>2<\/sub>O), normal kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100<sup>0<\/sup>C, normal donma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da 0<sup>0<\/sup>C dir.<\/li><li>Normalde kat\u0131lar donarken b\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr fakat; su, donarken genle\u015fir.<ul><li>Buzun \u00f6z k\u00fctlesi, suyun \u00f6z k\u00fctlesinden daha azd\u0131r.<\/li><li>Bu y\u00fczden buz sudan daha hafiftir ve buz suyun \u00fczerinde y\u00fczer.<\/li><li>Bu beklenmedik durum; ya\u015famsal bir \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/li><li>Buz daha hafif oldu\u011fundan, g\u00f6ller ve nehirlerdeki su dondu\u011funda, olu\u015fan buz, suyun y\u00fczeyini kaplar ve bal\u0131klar\u0131n, alttaki suda ya\u015fam\u0131na devam etmelerini sa\u011flar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Su_Dongusu\">Su D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#ffe6ed\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:35%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Yer y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki su, zamanla buharla\u015f\u0131r ve bulutlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bulutlar da ya\u011fmur, kar veya dolu \u015feklindeki ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ile suyu tekrar yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00f6nderir.<ul><li>Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcye, <strong>su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong> denir.<\/li><li>Su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc sayesinde, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn hemen her yerine su ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/su-dongusu-SiteCenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Su D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc\" class=\"wp-image-3107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/su-dongusu-SiteCenneti.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/su-dongusu-SiteCenneti-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/su-dongusu-SiteCenneti-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption>Su D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Endustride_Hal_Degisim_Olaylari\">End\u00fcstride Hal De\u011fi\u015fim Olaylar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Buhar halindeki maddeler, yeterince s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fabilir.<\/strong><ul><li><strong>Bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fi, \u00e7akmak gaz\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><ul><li>\u00c7akmak gaz\u0131, serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir buhard\u0131r. Fakat \u00e7akma\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde, s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k halde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Buhar, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, y\u00fczlerce kat daha az yer kaplar<ul><li>B\u00f6ylece, ta\u015f\u0131mak daha kolay ve ekonomik olur.<\/li><li>Bu hal de\u011fi\u015fimi olay\u0131, sanayide yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"LPG_Likit_Petrol_Gazi\">LPG (Likit Petrol Gaz\u0131)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c7akmaklar\u0131n i\u00e7inde, s\u0131v\u0131 olarak duran madde, asl\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir buhard\u0131r, ad\u0131 da LPG (Likit\/S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Petrol Gaz\u0131)&#8217;dir.<\/li><li>LPG gaz\u0131, \u015fu gazlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r:<ul><li>%70 B\u00fctan (C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>10<\/sub>)<\/li><li>%30 Propan (C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Bu iki buhar, yeterince s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er.<\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7en buharlar\u0131n hacmi 300 kat azal\u0131r.<ul><li>Bu da, 300 tane tanker ile ta\u015f\u0131mak yerine 1 tane tankere s\u0131\u011fmalar\u0131 demektir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Piknik t\u00fcplerinde veya di\u011fer mutfak t\u00fcplerinde ve gazl\u0131 arabalarda bulunan s\u0131v\u0131 LPG&#8217;dir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"LNG\">LNG<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>LNG; likit yani s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz demektir.<\/li><li>LNG gaz\u0131 \u015fu gazlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fur;<ul><li>%90 oran\u0131nda metan gaz\u0131 (CH<sub>4<\/sub>),<\/li><li>%10 oran\u0131nda da etan (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>), propan (C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>) ve di\u011fer hidrokarbonlar<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>LNG, evlerimizde ve i\u015f yerlerimizde, \u0131s\u0131nma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gazd\u0131r.<\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok kolay de\u011fildir.<\/li><li>Tanker gemilerle veya boru hatlar\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li><li>Karbon say\u0131s\u0131 az oldu\u011fundan, di\u011fer yak\u0131tlara g\u00f6re daha az CO<sub>2<\/sub> (Karbon dioksit) olu\u015fturur ve daha \u00e7evrecidir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Itici_Gazlar\">\u0130tici Gazlar<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#ffe9ae\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Deodorantlarda, \u015fi\u015fenin i\u00e7indeki s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmek i\u00e7in, <strong>itici gazlar <\/strong>kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>\u0130tici gazlar, yine s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f buharlard\u0131r.<\/li><li>Deodorantlarda kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca itici gazlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>Propan gaz\u0131<\/li><li>n-b\u00fctan gaz\u0131 <\/li><li>\u0130zob\u00fctan gaz\u0131<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/itici-gazlar.jpg\" alt=\"\u0130tici Gazlar\" class=\"wp-image-3060\"\/><figcaption>\u0130tici Gazlar<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Sogutucu_Akiskanlar\">So\u011futucu Ak\u0131\u015fkanlar<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#ffefe4\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Derin dondurucu, buzdolab\u0131 veya klimalarda kullan\u0131lan gazlara (buharlara) <strong>so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkanlar<\/strong> denir.<\/li><li>So\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan olarak kullan\u0131lan gazlar, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er.<ul><li>S\u0131v\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f bu buhar\u0131, dar bir delik a\u00e7arak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, tekrar buhar haline ge\u00e7er ve bu esnada ortamdan \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekerek ortam\u0131 so\u011futur.<\/li><li><strong>Freon-12<\/strong> so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131 ozon tabakas\u0131na verdi\u011fi zarardan dolay\u0131 terk edilmi\u015f, yerine <strong>puron<\/strong> gaz\u0131 (%50 difloro metan, %50 floro etan) so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/sogutucu-akiskanlar.jpg\" alt=\"So\u011futucu Ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\" class=\"wp-image-3063\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/sogutucu-akiskanlar.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/10\/sogutucu-akiskanlar-267x300.jpg 267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>Derin Dondurucu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Havadan_Azot_ve_Oksijen_Eldesi\">Havadan Azot ve Oksijen Eldesi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#e3e3e3\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hava bir gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Havada bulunan gazlar\u0131n oranlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 y\u00fcksekliklerde de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte, kuru havada yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak hacimce;<ul><li>%78 azot (N<sub>2<\/sub>),<\/li><li>%21 oksijen (O<sub>2<\/sub>),<\/li><li>%1 oran\u0131nda CO2<sub>(g)<\/sub> ve di\u011fer gazlar bulunur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Havada y\u00fcksek oranda bulunan iki gaz N<sub>2<\/sub> ve O<sub>2<\/sub> gazlar\u0131d\u0131r.<ul><li>Sanayide \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bu gazlar b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda havadan elde edilir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda, havadaki gazlar\u0131n kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table table-dark\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Gaz<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Kaynama S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>N<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>\u2013195,8 <sup>0<\/sup>C<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>O<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>\u2013183 <sup>0<\/sup>C<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>\u201378,5 <sup>0<\/sup>C<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Azotu_ve_Oksijeni_Havadan_Ayirma_Islemi\">Azotu ve Oksijeni Havadan Ay\u0131rma \u0130\u015flemi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#cfedff\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hava, normal atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 kat\u0131 kadar (40 atm) y\u00fcksek bir bas\u0131n\u00e7la s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan hava s\u0131v\u0131 azot \u00fcnitesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k -200 <sup>o<\/sup>C\u2019a kadar so\u011futularak s\u0131v\u0131 h\u00e2le getirilir.<\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131 h\u00e2ldeki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan karbon dioksit (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) ve su -200 <sup>o<\/sup>C\u2019ta kat\u0131 h\u00e2lde olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan ilk olarak karbon dioksit ve su ayr\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mda ise azot ve oksijen kal\u0131r.<\/li><li>S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f havan\u0131n genle\u015fmesine izin verilir.<\/li><li>Kolona gelen s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki azot, kaynama noktas\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck (-196 <sup>o<\/sup>C) oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kolonun \u00fcst\u00fcnden gaz olarak \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/li><li>Azotun gaz olarak bulundu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta (-183 <sup>o<\/sup>C) oksijen h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>S\u0131v\u0131 olan oksijen kolonun alt k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>Yap\u0131lan i\u015flem sonucunda havadan azot ve oksijen elde edilir.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>Bu \u015fekilde elde edilen oksijen gaz\u0131 \u015fu alanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/em><\/strong><ul><li>Kaynak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta<\/li><li>Hastalara solunum deste\u011fi i\u00e7in suni solunum cihazlar\u0131nda<\/li><li>\u00c7elik sanayisinde<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>Havadan elde edilen N<sub>2<\/sub> elementinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/em><\/strong><ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub> gaz\u0131 ile tepkimeye sokularak Amonyak (NH<sub>3<\/sub>) elde edilir.<\/li><li>Elde edilen NH<sub>3<\/sub> maddesinden de \u00e7e\u015fitli azotlu suni g\u00fcbreler \u00fcretilir.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>S\u0131v\u0131 azot, tepkime verme yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fundan, so\u011futucu olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>T\u0131pta \u00e7e\u015fitli ila\u00e7lar, canl\u0131 dokular veya baz\u0131 g\u0131dalar s\u0131v\u0131 azot i\u00e7inde saklan\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kati_CO2_ve_Sivi_Azot\">Kat\u0131 CO<sub>2<\/sub> ve S\u0131v\u0131 Azot<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#ffaf76\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p><strong>Yandaki\/A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki videoda, kat\u0131 CO<sub>2(k)<\/sub> (kuru buz) beyaz bir kat\u0131 olarak, s\u0131v\u0131 nitrojeni (N<sub>2(s)<\/sub>) de, metal bir bidondan d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrken g\u00f6rebilirsiniz:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dry Ice vs. Liquid Nitrogen\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ctPbhKldOgA?start=25&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Kuru Buz (CO<sub>2(k)<\/sub>) ve S\u0131v\u0131 Nitrojen (N<sub>2(s)<\/sub>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130&ccedil;indekilerKat\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131 &#8211; Gaz Fark\u0131Kat\u0131 HalS\u0131v\u0131 HalGaz HalHal De\u011fi\u015fimi Olaylar\u0131Erime ve DonmaErime ve Donma Olay\u0131nda Is\u0131 Al\u0131\u015f-Veri\u015fiErime ve Donma TepkimeleriTam erime noktas\u0131ndaki bir madde:Kaynama ve Yo\u011fu\u015fmaKaynama ve Yo\u011funla\u015fma Olay\u0131nda Is\u0131 Al\u0131\u015f-Veri\u015fiKaynama ve Yo\u011funla\u015fma TepkimeleriTam kaynama noktas\u0131ndaki bir madde:S\u00fcblimle\u015fme ve K\u0131ra\u011f\u0131la\u015fmaEndotermik (Is\u0131 Alan) Hal De\u011fi\u015fimleriEkzotermik (Is\u0131 Veren) Hal De\u011fi\u015fimleri\u00d6rnek:Suyun Kat\u0131 &#8211; S\u0131v\u0131 &#8211; Gaz Hallerinin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[123],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-3017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maddenin-halleri","tag-maddenin-fiziksel-halleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3017"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3017\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}