{"id":2053,"date":"2020-09-19T12:23:45","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T09:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/?p=2053"},"modified":"2023-10-20T14:02:17","modified_gmt":"2023-10-20T11:02:17","slug":"atomun-kuantum-modeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/ayt-kimya\/modern-atom-teorisi\/atomun-kuantum-modeli\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Atomun Kuantum Modeli"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Modern_Atom_Teorisi\">Modern Atom Teorisi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bohr_Atom_Modelinin_Sinirliliklari\">Bohr Atom Modelinin S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Orbitale_Giden_Surec\">Orbitale Giden S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#De_Broglie_Dalga_Denklemi\"> De Broglie Dalga Denklemi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Heisenberg_Belirsizlik_Ilkesi\"> Heisenberg Belirsizlik \u0130lkesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Schrodinger_Dalga_Denklemi\"> Schr\u00f6dinger Dalga Denklemi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Yorunge_ve_Orbital_Arasindaki_Farklar\">Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge ve Orbital Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/a><ul><li><ul><li><a href=\"#Yorunge\">Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Orbital\">Orbital<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Orbital_Kavrami\">Orbital Kavram\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Orbitallerin_Sekilleri\">Orbitallerin \u015eekilleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#s_Orbitali\">s Orbitali<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#p_Orbitalleri\">p Orbitalleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#d_Orbitalleri\">d Orbitalleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#f_Orbitalleri\">f Orbitalleri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Orbitallere_Elektron_Yerlestirmek\">Orbitallere Elektron Yerle\u015ftirmek<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Orbitallerin_Yorunge_Numaralari\">Orbitallerin Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge Numaralar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Tam_Dolu_ve_Yari_Dolu_Orbitaller\">Tam Dolu ve Yar\u0131 Dolu Orbitaller<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Orbitallerin_Yalanci_Sekilleri\">Orbitallerin Yalanc\u0131 \u015eekilleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hund_Kurali\">Hund Kural\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek-2\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Elektronlarin_Orbitallere_Dizilimi\">Elektronlar\u0131n Orbitallere Dizilimi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ogretici_Ornek\">\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-3\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-4\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-5\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Tam_ve_Yari_Dolu_Orbital_Sayisi\">Tam ve Yar\u0131 Dolu Orbital Say\u0131s\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek-6\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Orbitallerdeki_Elektronlarin_Kuantum_Sayilari\">Orbitallerdeki Elektronlar\u0131n Kuantum Say\u0131lar\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1_Bas_kuantum_sayisi_n\">1. Ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (n)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2_Acisal_momentum_kuantum_sayisi_l\">2. A\u00e7\u0131sal momentum kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (l)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3_Manyetik_kuantum_sayisi_ml\">3. Manyetik kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (ml)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4_Spin_kuantum_sayisi_ms\">4. Spin kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (ms)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek-7\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-8\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-9\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Pauli_Ilkesi\">Pauli \u0130lkesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Madelung_Kletckovski_Kurali\">Madelung \u2013 Kletckovski Kural\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ogretici_Ornek-2\">\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-10\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Aufbau_Prensibi\">Aufbau Prensibi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Anyon_ve_Katyonlarda_Orbital_Dizilimi\">Anyon ve Katyonlarda Orbital Dizilimi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Anyonlarda_Elektronlarin_Orbitallere_Dizilimi\">Anyonlarda Elektronlar\u0131n Orbitallere Dizilimi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ogretici_Ornek-3\">\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Katyonlarda_Elektronlarin_Orbitallere_Dizilimi\">Katyonlarda Elektronlar\u0131n Orbitallere Dizilimi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ogretici_Ornek-4\">\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Uyarilmis_ve_Temel_Hal_Orbital_Dizilimi\">Uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Temel Hal Orbital Dizilimi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Modern_Atom_Teorisi\">Modern Atom Teorisi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Atomun Kuantum Modeli; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini koruyan son atom modelidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atomun Kuantum Modeli:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Modern Atom Teorisi<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Bulut Atom Modeli<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Orbital Atom Modeli<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Kuantum Atom Modeli<\/em><br>olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu modelde, \u00f6nceki atom modellerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, <strong>orbitallerden<\/strong> bahsedilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orbital kavram\u0131, elektronlar\u0131n atomdaki hareketini a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir kavramd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#feffe5\"><strong>Orbital<\/strong>: Bir elektronun bulunma ihtimalinin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedir. (Orbitalleri, elektronlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 odalar gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bohr_Atom_Modelinin_Sinirliliklari\">Bohr Atom Modelinin S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Modern Atom Teorisinden \u00f6nce, ge\u00e7erli olan atom modeli, <a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#Bohr_Atom_Modeli_1913\">Bohr Atom Modeli<\/a> idi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#Bohr_Atom_Modeli_1913\">Bohr Atom Modeli<\/a>; tek elektronlu atom ve iyonlardaki elektron hareketini a\u00e7\u0131klamakta ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tek elektronlu atomlar \u015funlard\u0131r:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><sub>1<\/sub>H<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><sub>2<\/sub>He<sup>+<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><sub>3<\/sub>Li<sup>2+<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><sub>4<\/sub>Be<sup>3+<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#Bohr_Atom_Modeli_1913\">Bohr Atom Modeli<\/a>, elektron say\u0131s\u0131 birden fazla olan atomlarda, elektronlar\u0131n nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu atomlar\u0131n yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 spektrumlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamakta yetersiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mesela, <sub>1<\/sub>H atomunun <a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#8211_Cizgi_Spektrumu\">\u00e7izgi spektrumunu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#Bohr_Atom_Modeli_1913\">Bohr Atom Modelini<\/a> kullanarak a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr fakat; <sub>6<\/sub>C atomunun <a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#8211_Cizgi_Spektrumu\">\u00e7izgi spektrumunu<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background\">I) <sub>2<\/sub>He<br>II) <sub>2<\/sub>He<sup>+<\/sup><br>III) <sub>1<\/sub>H<br>IV) <sub>8<\/sub>O<sup>2-<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bohr Atom modeli, yukar\u0131da verilen atom ve iyonlardan hangilerinin elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n hareketini a\u00e7\u0131klamakta yetersiz kal\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">I ve IV<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>Bohr Atom Modeli, sadece 1 tane elektronu olan atomlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Verilen atom ve iyonlar\u0131n elektron say\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>e.s = p.s. &#8211; y\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background\">I) <sub>2<\/sub>He<strong><sub><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">2<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><br>II) <sub>2<\/sub>He<sup>+<\/sup><sub><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">1<\/span><\/strong><\/sub><br>III) <sub>1<\/sub>H<sub><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">1<\/span><\/strong><\/sub><br>IV) <sub>8<\/sub>O<sup>2-<\/sup><sub><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\"><strong>10<\/strong><\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elektron say\u0131s\u0131 1 olmayan <sub>2<\/sub>He atomu ve <sub>8<\/sub>O<sup>2-<\/sup> iyonunun elektron hareketi Bohr atom modeli ile a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cevap I ve IV<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Orbitale_Giden_Surec\">Orbitale Giden S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#Bohr_Atom_Modeli_1913\">Bohr Atom Modeli<\/a>nden sonra yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Modern Atom Teorisinin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla orbital kavram\u0131n\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"De_Broglie_Dalga_Denklemi\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"wp-image-2068\" style=\"width: 80px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Kimya-Louis-de-Broglie.jpg\" alt=\"Kimya Louis de Broglie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Kimya-Louis-de-Broglie.jpg 200w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Kimya-Louis-de-Broglie-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/> De Broglie Dalga Denklemi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Albert Einstein (Albert); enerji ve madde aras\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>E = m.c<sup>2<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><br>(E: Enerji, m: K\u00fctle, c: I\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Max Planck; enerji ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k aras\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>E = h.\u03bd<br>(h: Planck sabiti, \u03bd: \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n frekans\u0131)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Louis de Broglie, bu iki form\u00fcl\u00fc birbirine e\u015fitlemi\u015f ve kendi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan dalga boyu (\u03bb) form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03bb = h \/ (m.V)<br>(\u03bb: Dalga boyu, h: Planck sabiti, m: K\u00fctle, V: H\u0131z)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ke\u015fiflerin bizi ilgilendiren k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fudur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>De Broglie dalga denklemi, sadece \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fil, k\u00fctlesi olan maddelerin de dalga hareketi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispatlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 denklemle; maddenin h\u0131z\u0131na (V) ve k\u00fctlesine (m) g\u00f6re dalga boyunu hesaplanabilmektedir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O zaman elektron da k\u00fctlesi olan bir madde oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, elektronda y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerde d\u00fczg\u00fcn do\u011frusal \u015fekilde de\u011fil, dalgalar olu\u015fturarak hareket etmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Heisenberg_Belirsizlik_Ilkesi\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"wp-image-2072\" style=\"width: 80px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Kimya-Werner-Heisenberg.jpg\" alt=\"Heisenberg Belirsizlik \u0130lkesi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Kimya-Werner-Heisenberg.jpg 200w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Kimya-Werner-Heisenberg-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/> Heisenberg Belirsizlik \u0130lkesi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Werner Heisenberg, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyler sonucu, elektronun hareketinde her zaman bir belirsizlik olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir. Bu belirsizli\u011fi de genel olarak \u015f\u00f6yle ifade etmi\u015ftir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;Bir taneci\u011fin, hem yeri hem de h\u0131z\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda kesin olarak belirlenemez.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yani, elektronun h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7erken yeri de\u011fi\u015fir, yerini \u00f6l\u00e7erken h\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu ikisinin de\u011ferini ayn\u0131 anda kesin olarak \u00f6l\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Schrodinger_Dalga_Denklemi\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"76\" class=\"wp-image-2073\" style=\"width: 80px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Kimya-Erwin-Schrodinger.jpg\" alt=\"Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger\"> Schr\u00f6dinger Dalga Denklemi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger; elektron ve elektron gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket eden tanecikler i\u00e7in dalga fonksiyonlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu fonksiyonlarda, elektronlar\u0131n hem madde hem de \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa benzeyen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu sayede, elektronlara ait orbitallerin \u015fekillerini \u00e7izmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fct\u00fcn orbitalleri ve \u015fekillerini birazdan g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Yorunge_ve_Orbital_Arasindaki_Farklar\">Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge ve Orbital Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#Bohr_Atom_Modeli_1913\">Bohr Atom Modelinde<\/a> ortaya at\u0131lan y\u00f6r\u00fcnge kavram\u0131 ile orbital kavram\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farklar ve benzerlikler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da derlenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Yorunge\">Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Hidrojen-atomu-yorunge-modeli.jpg\" alt=\"Bohr Atom Modeline G\u00f6re Hidrojen Atomu\" class=\"wp-image-2074\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bohr Atom Modeline G\u00f6re Hidrojen Atomu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/atom-modelleri\/#Bohr_Atom_Modeli_1913\">Bohr Atom Modeli<\/a> ile ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronlar\u0131n hareketini a\u00e7\u0131klamak amac\u0131 ile ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronlar\u0131n dairesel rotalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronlar, y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerde ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlarda d\u00f6ner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Orbital\">Orbital<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"196\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Hidrojen-atomu-orbital-modeli.jpg\" alt=\"Modern Atom Teorisine G\u00f6re Hidrojen Atomu\" class=\"wp-image-2075\" style=\"width:-1px;height:-1px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Modern Atom Teorisine G\u00f6re Hidrojen Atomu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Modern Atom Teorisi ile ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronlar\u0131n hareketini a\u00e7\u0131klamak amac\u0131 ile ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronlar\u0131n, bulunma ihtimalinin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerdir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronlar, y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerdeki orbitallerde bulunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Orbital_Kavrami\">Orbital Kavram\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bir elektronun bulunma ihtimalinin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu hacimsel b\u00f6lgeye <strong><em>orbital <\/em><\/strong>denir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Her bir orbitale <em><strong>2e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> s\u0131\u011far<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 \u00e7e\u015fit orbital grubu vard\u0131r.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bunlar <strong>s, p, d, f<\/strong> orbital gruplar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orbital gruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table table-dark\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Orbital Grubu<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Karde\u015f Orbital Say\u0131s\u0131<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Elektron Kapasitesi<\/th>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>s orbitali<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>1<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>2<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>p orbitalleri<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>3<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>6<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>d orbitalleri<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>5<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>10<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>f orbitalleri<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>7<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>14<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elektronlar, y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerdeki bu orbitallerde ya\u015farlar.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mesela; atomlar\u0131n 1. y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinde sadece s orbitali, 2. y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinde s ve p orbitalleri bulunur&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orbitallerin y\u00f6r\u00fcngelere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na birazdan ge\u00e7ece\u011fiz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Orbitallerin_Sekilleri\">Orbitallerin \u015eekilleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orbital \u015fekillerine bakarken, o \u015feklin asl\u0131nda, o orbitaldeki elektronun serbest\u00e7e hareket edebildi\u011fi fakat d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"s_Orbitali\">s Orbitali<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"133\" height=\"124\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/s-orbitali.jpg\" alt=\"s Orbitali\" class=\"wp-image-2093\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">s Orbitali<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>s orbitali tek bir orbitaldir, karde\u015f orbitalleri yoktur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bir k\u00fcreye benzer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>s orbitali 2 elektron bulundurabilir. (s<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Her y\u00f6r\u00fcngede bir tane s orbitali bulunur:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1. y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin s orbitali (1s) daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u00fcre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2. y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin s orbitali (2s) daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fcredir ve bu kural b\u00f6yle devam eder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e s orbitali de b\u00fcy\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki resim, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u015fekliyle 1., 2. ve 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerdeki s orbitallerini g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"489\" height=\"147\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/s-orbitalleri-2.jpg\" alt=\"Farkl\u0131 Y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerdeki s Orbitalleri\" class=\"wp-image-2095\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/s-orbitalleri-2.jpg 489w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/s-orbitalleri-2-300x90.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Farkl\u0131 Y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerdeki s Orbitalleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 s orbitallerinin nas\u0131l i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in, daha \u015feffaf bir \u015fekilde \u015f\u00f6yle de g\u00f6sterebiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"491\" height=\"155\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/s-orbitalleri.jpg\" alt=\"Farkl\u0131 Y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerdeki s Orbitalleri\" class=\"wp-image-2094\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/s-orbitalleri.jpg 491w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/s-orbitalleri-300x95.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Farkl\u0131 Y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerdeki s Orbitalleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"p_Orbitalleri\">p Orbitalleri<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>p orbitalleri dendi\u011finde, 3 tane karde\u015f orbital akl\u0131m\u0131za gelmelidir.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bunlar; p<sub>x<\/sub>, p<sub>y<\/sub> ve p<sub>z<\/sub> orbitalleridir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc, e\u015f orbitallerdir; enerji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birinin di\u011ferinden fark\u0131 yoktur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu \u00fc\u00e7 orbitalin her biri, a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 birbirine yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k iki balon gibidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da p orbitallerinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u015fekilleri verilmi\u015ftir:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"160\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/p-orbitalleri.jpg\" alt=\"p Orbitalleri\" class=\"wp-image-2098\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/p-orbitalleri.jpg 400w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/p-orbitalleri-300x120.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">p Orbitalleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u015eekle bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>p<sub>x<\/sub> orbitalinde, X ekseni balonlar\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7er.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p<sub>y<\/sub> orbitalinde, Y ekseni balonlar\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7er.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p<sub>z<\/sub> orbitalinde, Z ekseni balonlar\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7er.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>p orbitalleri 3 tane oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, her biri 2&#8217;\u015ferden, toplam 6 elektron ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. (p<sup>6<\/sup>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p orbitalleri 1. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede olmaz, 2. y\u00f6r\u00fcnge ile birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2. y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin p orbitalleri (2p) ile 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin p orbitalleri (3p) \u015fekil olarak ayn\u0131d\u0131r fakat; 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin p orbitalleri daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e orbitaller de b\u00fcy\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"d_Orbitalleri\">d Orbitalleri<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/d-orbitalleri.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"156\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/d-orbitalleri.jpg\" alt=\"d Orbitalleri\" class=\"wp-image-2101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/d-orbitalleri.jpg 700w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/d-orbitalleri-300x67.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">d Orbitalleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>d orbitalleri, 5 tane karde\u015f orbitaldir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 her bir d orbitalinin \u015fekli yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d orbitalleri 5 tane oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, 2&#8217;\u015ferden toplam 10 tane elektron ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. (d<sup>10<\/sup>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d orbitalleri 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngeden itibaren g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar. 1. ve 2. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede d orbitalleri yoktur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"f_Orbitalleri\">f Orbitalleri<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>f orbitalleri, 7 tane karde\u015f orbitaldir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u015eekilleri AYT kimyas\u0131nda bilmemiz gereken bir konu de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>f orbitalleri, 7 tane oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, 2&#8217;\u015ferden toplam 14 tane elektron ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>f orbitalleri, 4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngeden itibaren g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flarlar. 1., 2. ve 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerde f orbitalleri yoktur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki vidyoda, orbitallerin \u015fekilleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Electron Orbitals - s,p &amp; d\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K-jNgq16jEY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Orbitallerin \u015eekilleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Orbitallere_Elektron_Yerlestirmek\">Orbitallere Elektron Yerle\u015ftirmek<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orbitallerin elektron say\u0131lar\u0131, \u00fcsl\u00fc ifade olarak, orbital sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde belirtilir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>s<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong>  (1 elektron bulunduran s orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>s<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>  (2 elektron bulunduran s orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>p<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong> (1 elektron bulunduran p orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>p<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong> (2 elektron bulunduran p orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>p<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong> (3 elektron bulunduran p orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>p<sup>6<\/sup><\/strong> (6 elektron bulunduran p orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong> (1 elektron bulunduran d orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong> (2 elektron bulunduran d orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d<sup>8<\/sup><\/strong> (8 elektron bulunduran d orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d<sup>10<\/sup><\/strong> (10 elektron bulunduran d orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>f<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong> (1 elektron bulunduran f orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>f<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong> (2 elektron bulunduran f orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>f<sup>14<\/sup><\/strong> (14 elektron bulunduran f orbitali)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Orbitallerin_Yorunge_Numaralari\">Orbitallerin Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge Numaralar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orbital sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde yazan tam say\u0131, orbitalin ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcngede oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, bu kurala ait, rastgele baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>3s<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong>  (3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede 1 elektron bulunduran s orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1s<sup>2<\/sup> <\/strong> (1. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede 2 elektron bulunduran s orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2p<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong> (2. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede 1 elektron bulunduran p orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4p<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong> (4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede 3 elektron bulunduran p orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3d<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong> (3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede 1 elektron bulunduran d orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5d<sup>8<\/sup><\/strong> (5. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede 8 elektron bulunduran d orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4d<sup>10<\/sup><\/strong> (4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede 10 elektron bulunduran d orbitali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6f<sup>14<\/sup><\/strong> (6. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede 14 elektron bulunduran f orbitali)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Tam_Dolu_ve_Yari_Dolu_Orbitaller\">Tam Dolu ve Yar\u0131 Dolu Orbitaller<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bir orbitale iki elektron s\u0131\u011far. Bu y\u00fczden:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 tane elektronu olan bir orbital yar\u0131 dolu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 tane elektronu olan bir orbital de tam doludur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hi\u00e7 elektronu yoksa, orbital, bo\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Birazdan, orbitallerin yalanc\u0131 \u015fekilleri \u00fczerinde tam ve yar\u0131 orbitalleri tekrar g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Orbitallerin_Yalanci_Sekilleri\">Orbitallerin Yalanc\u0131 \u015eekilleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orbitallerin ger\u00e7ek \u015fekillerini \u00e7izmek hem kolay de\u011fil hem de pratik de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu y\u00fczden, orbitaller i\u00e7in, yalanc\u0131 \u015fekiller kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Sorularda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilecek yalanc\u0131 orbital \u015fekilleri \u015funlard\u0131r:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/orbital-sekilleri.jpg\" alt=\"Yalanc\u0131 Orbital \u015eekilleri\" style=\"width: 30px;\"> : K\u0131zsa bir \u00e7izgi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/orbital-sekilleri-kare.jpg\" alt=\"Yalanc\u0131 Orbital \u015eekilleri - D\u00f6rtgen\" style=\"width: 30px;\"> : Bir d\u00f6rtgen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Daire-seklinde-orbital.jpg\" alt=\"Daire G\u00f6sterimi\" style=\"width: 30px;\"> : Bir daire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yar\u0131 dolu bir orbitalin yalanc\u0131 \u015fekli \u015funlardan herhangi bir olarak verilebilir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"35\" height=\"32\" class=\"wp-image-2110\" style=\"width: 35px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/orbital-sekilleri-yari-dolu-orbital.jpg\" alt=\"Yar\u0131 Dolu Orbital\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"35\" height=\"37\" class=\"wp-image-2120\" style=\"width: 35px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/kare-orbital-sekli-yari-dolu-orbital.jpg\" alt=\"Yar\u0131 Dolu Orbital\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"35\" height=\"34\" class=\"wp-image-2123\" style=\"width: 35px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Daire-seklinde-yari-dolu-orbital.jpg\" alt=\"Yar\u0131 Dolu Orbital\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tam dolu bir orbitalin yalanc\u0131 \u015fekli \u015funlardan herhangi biri olarak verilebilir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"35\" height=\"32\" class=\"wp-image-2111\" style=\"width: 35px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/orbital-sekilleri-tam-dolu-orbital.jpg\" alt=\"Tam Dolu Orbital\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"35\" height=\"37\" class=\"wp-image-2121\" style=\"width: 35px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/kare-orbital-sekli-tam-dolu-orbital.jpg\" alt=\"Tam Dolu Orbital\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"35\" height=\"37\" class=\"wp-image-2124\" style=\"width: 35px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Daire-seklinde-tam-dolu-orbital.jpg\" alt=\"Tam Dolu Orbital\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Hund_Kurali\">Hund Kural\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>p, d ve f orbitallerine elektron yerle\u015ftirirken Hund Kural\u0131na uymak zorunludur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p, d ve f orbitallerinde, elektronlar, \u00f6nce her bir karde\u015f orbitale <strong><em>teker teker ve ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde<\/em><\/strong> yerle\u015fir.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yani karde\u015f orbitallerin biri bo\u015f bo\u015f dururken, elektronlar\u0131 \u00f6tekilerine t\u0131kmay\u0131n, b\u0131rak\u0131n herkes m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca yaln\u0131z tak\u0131ls\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hund kural\u0131na g\u00f6re d<sup>6<\/sup> orbitali:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"54\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/d6-orbitali-elektron-dagilimi.jpg\" alt=\"d6 Orbitalleri Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2127\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">d<sup>6<\/sup> Orbitalleri Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hund kural\u0131na g\u00f6re d<sup>6<\/sup> orbitali:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"51\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/d6-orbitali-elektron-dagilimi-2.jpg\" alt=\"d6 Orbitallerinin Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2128\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">d<sup>6<\/sup> Orbitallerinin Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-2\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>p<sup>3<\/sup> orbitalinin elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"95\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/p3-orbitali-elektron-dagilimi.jpg\" alt=\"p3 Orbitali Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2129\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">p<sup>3<\/sup> Orbitalinin Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>Soruda her ne kadar p orbitali dese de, p orbitali bir tane de\u011fil, 3 tane karde\u015f orbitaldir. Bunlar p<sub>x<\/sub>, p<sub>y<\/sub> ve p<sub>z<\/sub> dir. Hund Kural\u0131na g\u00f6re, 3 elektron 3 tane karde\u015f p orbitaline \u015fu \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"95\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/p3-orbitali-elektron-dagilimi.jpg\" alt=\"p3 Orbitali Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2129\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">p<sup>3<\/sup> Orbitalinin Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdan da anl\u0131yoruz ki, p<sup>3<\/sup> demek; \u00fc\u00e7 tane yar\u0131 dolu p orbitali demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Elektronlarin_Orbitallere_Dizilimi\">Elektronlar\u0131n Orbitallere Dizilimi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orbitallerin dizilimi b\u00fct\u00fcn atomlarda ayn\u0131d\u0131r ve \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#635174\"><strong>1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>10<\/sup> 4p<sup>6<\/sup> 5s<sup>2<\/sup> 4d<sup>10<\/sup> 5p<sup>6<\/sup> 6s<sup>2<\/sup> 4f<sup>14<\/sup> 5d<sup>10<\/sup> 6p<sup>6<\/sup>&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u00fct\u00fcn atomlarda kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in bu s\u0131ralaman\u0131n ezbere bilinmesi gerekiyor.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekil, bu s\u0131ralamay\u0131 ezberlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"347\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/orbitali-sirasi.jpg\" alt=\"Atomlarda Orbitallerin S\u0131ras\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/orbitali-sirasi.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/orbitali-sirasi-259x300.jpg 259w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Atomlarda Orbitallerin S\u0131ras\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orbital da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131nda, orbitallerin \u00fcslerinin toplam\u0131, atomun elektron say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 vermelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Atomlar\u0131n orbital da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bir \u00f6rnekle anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ogretici_Ornek\">\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>X<sub>10<\/sub> atomunun orbital dizilimini yapal\u0131m.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>X<sub>10<\/sub><\/strong> atomunun 10 tane elektronu vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>10 elektron \u015f\u00f6yle dizilir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yukar\u0131da verilen orbital s\u0131ras\u0131na bak\u0131yoruz ve ilk orbitalin 1s<sup>2<\/sup> oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. O zaman:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>X<sub>10<\/sub>: <span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">1s<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><br>yazarsak 2 elektron yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f oluruz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X<sub>10<\/sub>: <span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><br>yazarak 4 elektron yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f olduk.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X<sub>10<\/sub>: <span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup><\/span><br>yazarak toplam 10 elektron yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f oluruz ve atomun b\u00fct\u00fcn elektronlar\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in cevab\u0131 bulmu\u015f oluruz:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>X<sub>10<\/sub>: 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-3\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><sub>8<\/sub>Y atomunun orbital dizilimini yap\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">Y<sub>8<\/sub>: 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group stcnnt-yazi-ici-reklam\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bu bir reklamd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6366953309324763\" data-ad-slot=\"9738116384\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-4\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><sub>26<\/sub>Fe (Demir) atomunun temel hal orbital da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">Fe<sub>26<\/sub>: 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group stcnnt-yazi-ici-reklam\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bu bir reklamd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6366953309324763\" data-ad-slot=\"9738116384\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-5\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fe<sub>23<\/sub>: 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yukar\u0131da orbital dizilimi verilen Fe atomu ile ilgili olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular\u0131 cevapland\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fe atomunun atom numaras\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fe atomunun 1. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde toplam ka\u00e7 elektron vard\u0131r?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fe atomunun 2. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde toplam ka\u00e7 elektron vard\u0131r?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fe atomunun 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde toplam ka\u00e7 elektron vard\u0131r?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fe atomunun 4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde toplam ka\u00e7 elektron vard\u0131r?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fe atomunun 5. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde toplam ka\u00e7 elektron vard\u0131r?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>23<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>11<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bo\u015f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#ffe6a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Fe<sub>26<\/sub><\/span>: 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Demir atomunun verilen orbital da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bakarak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Atom numaras\u0131, proton say\u0131s\u0131 demektir. Temel haldeki atomlarda, proton say\u0131s\u0131 elektron say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fit olur. Atomun 26 elektronu oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, 26 tane de protonu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atomlar\u0131n 1. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki orbitallerin katsay\u0131s\u0131 1 olur. Katsay\u0131s\u0131 1 olan bir tane orbital vard\u0131r. O da 1s<sup>2<\/sup> orbitalidir ve elektron say\u0131s\u0131 2 dir.<br><strong>Bu atomun 1. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde 2 elektron vard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atomlar\u0131n 2. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki orbitallerin katsay\u0131s\u0131 2 olur. Katsay\u0131s\u0131 2 olan orbitaller:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> ve 2p<sup>6<\/sup> orbitalleridir. Bu iki orbitalde toplam 8 elektron vard\u0131r.<br><strong>Bu atomun 2. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde 8 elektron vard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atomlar\u0131n 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki orbitallerin katsay\u0131s\u0131 3 olur. Katsay\u0131s\u0131 3 olan orbitaller:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3s<sup>2<\/sup>, 3p<sup>6<\/sup> ve 3d<sup>6<\/sup> orbitalleridir. Bu 3 orbitalde toplam 14 elektron vard\u0131r.<br><strong>Bu atomun 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde 14 elektron vard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atomlar\u0131n 4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki orbitallerin katsay\u0131s\u0131 4 olur. Katsay\u0131s\u0131 3 olan orbital sadece 4s<sup>2<\/sup> orbitalidir ve elektron say\u0131s\u0131 2 dir.<br><strong>Bu atomun 4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde 2 elektron vard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atomlar\u0131n 5. y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki orbitallerin katsay\u0131s\u0131 5 olur. Demir atomunda katsay\u0131s\u0131 5 olan bir orbital yoktur.<br><strong>Bu y\u00fczden cevap s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Tam_ve_Yari_Dolu_Orbital_Sayisi\">Tam ve Yar\u0131 Dolu Orbital Say\u0131s\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Son orbitalden \u00f6nceki orbitaller, genellikle tam doludur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yar\u0131 dolu orbitaller genellikle son orbitalde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Son orbital tam dolu de\u011filse, Hund Kural\u0131na g\u00f6re yar\u0131 dolu orbitallerini bulabiliriz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-6\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background\"><strong>X<sub>27<\/sub>: 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>7<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131da, orbital dizilimi verilen atomda, toplam ka\u00e7 tane tam; ka\u00e7 tane yar\u0131 dolu orbital vard\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong>12 tam dolu orbital<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong>3 yar\u0131 dolu orbital<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#ffe6a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">X<sub>27<\/sub><\/span>: 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>7<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tam ve yar\u0131 dolu orbital say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in, farkl\u0131 yollara ba\u015f vurabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Birinci yol<\/strong>: \u00dc\u015fenmeden, X<sub>27<\/sub> atomunun b\u00fct\u00fcn orbital gruplar\u0131ndaki karde\u015f orbitalleri g\u00f6steririz:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Orbitallere-27-elektronun-dagilimi.jpg\" alt=\"Orbitallerine 27 Elektronun Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Orbitallere-27-elektronun-dagilimi.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Orbitallere-27-elektronun-dagilimi-300x36.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Orbitallerine 27 Elektronun Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Sayarsak, toplam 12 tane orbitalin tam dolu, 3 tanesinin yar\u0131 dolu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130kinci yol<\/strong>: Basit bir hesap yapar\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orbital da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, X<sub>27<\/sub> atomunun 3d<sup>7<\/sup> orbitaline kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn orbitalleri tam doludur. 3d<sup>7<\/sup> orbitaline gelene kadar 20 elektron bulunur. Yani bu atomun 20 elektronu tam dolu orbitallere yerle\u015fmi\u015f, 7 elektronu 3d orbitallerine yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tam dolu orbitallerde 2&#8217;\u015fer elektron bulunur. Yani 20 elektron, 10 tane tam dolu orbital demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d<sup>7<\/sup> demek, 5 tane karde\u015f d orbitaline 7 tane elektron yerle\u015ftirmek demektir. Hund Kural\u0131na g\u00f6re bu orbitallerin 3 tanesi yar\u0131 dolu 2 tanesi tam dolu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"233\" height=\"112\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/3d7-orbitali-elektron-dagilimi.jpg\" alt=\"3d7 Orbitallerinin Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2140\" style=\"width:164px;height:78px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">3d<sup>7<\/sup> Orbitallerinin Elektron Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Toplamda, X<sub>27<\/sub> atomunda, 12 tane tam, 3 tane yar\u0131 dolu orbital vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu cevab\u0131n sa\u011flamas\u0131 da \u015fudur: (12 x 2) + 3 = 27 elektron<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Orbitallerdeki_Elektronlarin_Kuantum_Sayilari\">Orbitallerdeki Elektronlar\u0131n Kuantum Say\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Atomlardaki her bir elektronun 4 tane kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bir elektronun b\u00fct\u00fcn kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 biliyorsak, o elektronun orbital dizilimindeki yerini de bulabiliriz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yani; kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131, <strong><em>bir elektronun adresini g\u00f6sterir<\/em><\/strong> diyebiliriz.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nas\u0131l ki her adreste;\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u015fehir ad\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mahalle ad\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sokak ad\u0131 ve<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>daire numaras\u0131<br>gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmler oluyorsa, elektronlar\u0131n kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131 da buna benzer anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"1_Bas_kuantum_sayisi_n\">1. Ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (n)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elektronun ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcngede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orbitalinin katsay\u0131s\u0131, elektronun ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1<\/strong>s<sup>2<\/sup> elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 1&#8217;t\u00fcr. (n=1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4<\/strong>s<sup>1<\/sup> elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 da 4&#8217;t\u00fcr. (n=4)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5<\/strong>f<sup>13<\/sup> elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 da 5&#8217;t\u00fcr. (n=5)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4<\/strong>p<sup>5<\/sup> elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 da 4&#8217;t\u00fcr. (n=4)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"2_Acisal_momentum_kuantum_sayisi_l\">2. A\u00e7\u0131sal momentum kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (<em>l<\/em>)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131sal momentum kuantum say\u0131s\u0131na:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Orbital kuantum say\u0131s\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>ikincil momentum kuantum say\u0131s\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>yan kuantum say\u0131s\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>alt kabuk kuantum say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong> da denir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronun hangi orbital ailesinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler (s, p, d veya f).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>l<\/em> = 0 demek; elektron s orbitalinde demektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>l<\/em> = 1 demek; elektron p orbitalinde demektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>l<\/em> = 2 demek; elektron d orbitalinde demektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>l<\/em> = 3 demek; elektron f orbitalinde demektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Orbital kuantum say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/em> da denir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"3_Manyetik_kuantum_sayisi_ml\">3. Manyetik kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (<em>m<sub>l<\/sub><\/em>)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li>Elektronun, hangi karde\u015f orbitalde (alt orbitalde) bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yler (p<sub>x<\/sub>, p<sub>y<\/sub>, p<sub>z<\/sub>, d<sub>xy<\/sub>, &#8230;.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manyetik kuantum say\u0131s\u0131; -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, +2, +3 de\u011ferlerinden birini al\u0131r.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 de\u011fer alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 2<em>l<\/em> &#8211; 1 form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplayabiliriz.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Form\u00fcldeki &#8220;<em>l<\/em>&#8221; harfi a\u00e7\u0131sal momentum kuantum say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u00fct\u00fcn karde\u015f orbitallerin manyetik kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131 alt\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"190\" class=\"wp-image-2152\" style=\"width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Manyetik-kuantum-sayilari.jpg\" alt=\"Manyetik Kuantum Say\u0131lar\u0131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Manyetik-kuantum-sayilari.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Manyetik-kuantum-sayilari-300x163.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Karde\u015f orbitallerin manyetik kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>s orbitalindeki elektronlar\u0131n manyetik kuantum say\u0131s\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>0&#8217;d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karde\u015f p orbitallerinin manyetik kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>+1, 0, -1&#8217;dir. (S\u0131ra \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karde\u015f d orbitallerinin manyetik kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>+2, +1, 0, -1, -2&#8217;dir. (S\u0131ra \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karde\u015f f orbitallerinin manyetik kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>+3, +2, +1, 0, -1, -2, -3&#8217;t\u00fcr. (S\u0131ra \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"4_Spin_kuantum_sayisi_ms\">4. Spin kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (<em>m<sub>s<\/sub><\/em>)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>Elektronun hangi y\u00f6nde spin att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yani d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronlar ayn\u0131 orbitalde ya\u015fayabilmek i\u00e7in z\u0131t y\u00f6nl\u00fc spin atmak (d\u00f6nmek) zorundad\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orbitaldeki elektronlar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmek i\u00e7in +1\/2 ve -1\/2 say\u0131lar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ayn\u0131 orbitaldeki elektronlardan birinin spin y\u00f6n\u00fc +1\/2 ise di\u011ferinin -1\/2&#8217;dir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hangi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn +1\/2 hangisinin -1\/2 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne biz karar veririz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki resim bir orbitaldeki elektronlar\u0131n spin kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/spin-kuantum-sayisi-sitecenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Spin Kuantum Say\u0131lar\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/spin-kuantum-sayisi-sitecenneti.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/spin-kuantum-sayisi-sitecenneti-300x61.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Spin Kuantum Say\u0131lar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-7\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"73\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/kuantum-sayilari-sitecenneti.jpg\" alt=\"Kuantum Say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Bulunmas\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-2245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/kuantum-sayilari-sitecenneti.jpg 400w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/kuantum-sayilari-sitecenneti-300x55.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Yukar\u0131da orbital elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 verilen <sub>16<\/sub>X atomunun, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk ile g\u00f6sterilen elektronunun kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bulunuz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>n = 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>l<\/em> = 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m<em><sub>l<\/sub><\/em> = +1 veya -1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m<sub>s<\/sub> = +1\/2 veya -1\/2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 elektron, 3p<sup>4<\/sup> orbitallerindeki 4 elektrondan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3p<sup>4<\/sup> orbitalleri, 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin p orbitalleridir. O zaman elektronun ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 yani y\u00f6r\u00fcnge numaras\u0131 3 t\u00fcr. (n = 3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>p orbitallerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131sal momentum kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. (<em><em>l<\/em><\/em> = 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>p orbitallerinde, manyetik kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 -1, 0 , +1 \u015feklinde idi. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 elektron sa\u011fda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131sal momentum kuantum say\u0131s\u0131na +1 diyebiliriz, fakat; atomlar yuvarlakt\u0131r, di\u011fer taraf\u0131ndan bakarsak da -1 olur. Bu y\u00fczden her ikisi de do\u011frudur. (m<em><sub>l<\/sub><\/em> = +1 ve m<em><sub>l<\/sub><\/em> = -1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spin kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in de +1\/2 ve -1\/2&#8217;den birini se\u00e7memiz gerekiyor. \u0130stedi\u011fimizi se\u00e7ebiliriz. (m<sub>s<\/sub> = +1\/2 veya m<sub>s<\/sub> = -1\/2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7ta k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 elektronun kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>n = 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>l<\/em> = 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m<em><sub>l<\/sub><\/em> = +1 veya -1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m<sub>s<\/sub> = +1\/2 veya -1\/2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group stcnnt-yazi-ici-reklam\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bu bir reklamd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6366953309324763\" data-ad-slot=\"9738116384\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-8\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>n = 3 de\u011ferine sahip en fazla ka\u00e7 orbital vard\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">9<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>n demek ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 demektir. Ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 demek de y\u00f6r\u00fcnge numaras\u0131 demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>n = 3 demek, 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcnge demektir. 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede sadece f orbitalleri yoktur. f orbitalleri 4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede ba\u015flar. O zaman 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede s, p ve d orbitalleri vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>s orbitali 1 tanedir<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p orbitalleri 3 tanedir<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d orbitalleri 5 tanedir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Demek ki 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngede en faza 9 orbital bulunur. Yani en fazla 9 orbitalin ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 3 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group stcnnt-yazi-ici-reklam\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bu bir reklamd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6366953309324763\" data-ad-slot=\"9738116384\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-9\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Atomlarda; n = 4, <em>l<\/em> = 2 ve m<sub>s<\/sub> = -1\/2 olan en fazla ka\u00e7 elektron vard\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">5<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>n = 4 demek 4. y\u00f6r\u00fcnge demektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>l<\/em> = 2 demek d orbitalleri demektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m<sub>s<\/sub> = -1\/2 demek orbitaldeki 2 elektrondan biri demektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin d orbitalleri 5 tane karde\u015f orbitaldir. Her orbitalden 1 elektron sayarsak en fazla 5 tane elektron sayar\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Cevap 5<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Pauli_Ilkesi\">Pauli \u0130lkesi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pauli ilkesi, kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bir atomda, d\u00f6rt kuantum say\u0131s\u0131n hepsi de e\u015fit olan iki elektron bulunamaz.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zaten, kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru hesaplad\u0131ysan\u0131z, hi\u00e7 bir zaman farkl\u0131 elektronlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn kuantum say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fit \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Biraz \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fimiz gibi, ayn\u0131 orbitalde ya\u015fayan elektron \u00e7iftlerinde bile, en son spin kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 farkl\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pauli Prensibine g\u00f6re, bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin elektron kapasitesi 2n<sup>2<\/sup> form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r. Form\u00fcldeki n say\u0131s\u0131, y\u00f6r\u00fcnge numaras\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin elektron kapasitesi: 2.1<sup>2<\/sup> = 2 elektron<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin elektron kapasitesi: 2.2<sup>2<\/sup> = 8 elektron<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin elektron kapasitesi: 2.3<sup>2<\/sup> = 18 elektron<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin elektron kapasitesi: 2.4<sup>2<\/sup> = 32 elektron<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pauli Prensibine g\u00f6re, bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin orbital say\u0131s\u0131 n<sup>2<\/sup> form\u00fcl\u00fc ile hesaplan\u0131r. Form\u00fcldeki n say\u0131s\u0131, y\u00f6r\u00fcnge numaras\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki maksimum orbital say\u0131s\u0131: 1<sup>2<\/sup> = 1 orbital<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki maksimum orbital say\u0131s\u0131: 2<sup>2<\/sup> = 4 orbital<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki maksimum orbital say\u0131s\u0131: 3<sup>2<\/sup> = 9 orbital<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki maksimum orbital say\u0131s\u0131: 4<sup>2<\/sup> = 16 orbital<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Madelung_Kletckovski_Kurali\">Madelung \u2013 Kletckovski Kural\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orbitallerin hangi s\u0131ra ile dizildi\u011fini verir ki biz zaten, atomlar\u0131n orbital dizilimini \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftik:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>10<\/sup> 4p<sup>6<\/sup> 5s<sup>2<\/sup> 4d<sup>10<\/sup> 5p<sup>6<\/sup> 6s<sup>2<\/sup> 4f<sup>14<\/sup> 5d<sup>10<\/sup> 6p<sup>6<\/sup> 7s<sup>2<\/sup> &#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Madelung \u2013 Kletckovski kural\u0131na g\u00f6re enerjisi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan orbital \u00e7ekirde\u011fe daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu kurala g\u00f6re orbitallerin enerjileri \u015f\u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>n + <em>l<\/em> toplam\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan orbital \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131r<\/strong>. Yani;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>n<\/strong>: ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 ile<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>l<\/em><\/strong>: a\u00e7\u0131sal momentum kuantum say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>n + l<\/em><\/strong> de\u011ferleri e\u015fit olan orbitallerde, <strong>n<\/strong> de\u011feri b\u00fcy\u00fck olan orbitalin enerjisi de b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ogretici_Ornek-2\">\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>3s ve 3p orbitallerinden hangisi, orbital diziliminde daha \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131r bulal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>n+<em>l<\/em> toplam\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan orbital \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re 3s ve 3p orbitallerinin n+<em>l<\/em> toplamlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3s orbitalinin n + <em>l<\/em> de\u011feri:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3 + 0 = 3 olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3p orbitallerinin n + <em>l<\/em> de\u011feri:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3 + 1 = 4 olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Aufbau Prensibine g\u00f6re; n + <em>l<\/em> toplam\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan 3s orbitali daha \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-10\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Atomlar\u0131n orbital diziliminde 4s ve 3d orbitallerinden hangisi daha \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">3d<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\" data-disabled-escape-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\" data-transition=\"fade\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;text-align:left\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>Aufbau Prensibine g\u00f6re, n + <em>l<\/em> de\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re 4s ve 3d orbitallerinin n + <em>l<\/em> toplamlar\u0131n\u0131 bulal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>4s i\u00e7in: n = 4, <em>l<\/em> = 0 d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re n + l = 4 + 0 = 4 olur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3d i\u00e7in: n = 3, <em>l<\/em> = 2 d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re n + l = 3 + 2 = 5 olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durumda, 4s orbitalinde toplam daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr ve bu orbital 3d orbitalinden \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Aufbau_Prensibi\">Aufbau Prensibi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Hund Kural\u0131<\/em>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<em>Pauli Prensibinin<\/em>&nbsp;birle\u015fimidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronlar \u00e7ekirde\u011fe en yak\u0131n ve en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjisi orbitalden ba\u015flayarak, y\u00fcksek enerjili orbitale do\u011fru doldurulur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektron temel halde iken minimum enerjiye sahiptir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjisi orbital dolmadan, daha y\u00fcksek enerjili olana elektron yerle\u015fmez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Anyon_ve_Katyonlarda_Orbital_Dizilimi\">Anyon ve Katyonlarda Orbital Dizilimi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Anyonlarda_Elektronlarin_Orbitallere_Dizilimi\">Anyonlarda Elektronlar\u0131n Orbitallere Dizilimi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bir atom, elektron alarak, negatif y\u00fck kazanm\u0131\u015fsa o atoma <strong><em>anyon<\/em><\/strong> dendi\u011fini daha \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftik.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anyonlar\u0131n elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 n\u00f6t\u00fcr atomlardaki gibi, elektron say\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Anyondaki elektronlar, orbital s\u0131ras\u0131 takip edilerek orbitallere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ogretici_Ornek-3\">\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, -1 ve -2 y\u00fckl\u00fc iki anyonun orbital dizilimi verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background\"><strong><sub>17<\/sub>Cl<sub>18<\/sub><sup>-1<\/sup><\/strong> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup><br><br><strong><sub>8<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><\/strong> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Katyonlarda_Elektronlarin_Orbitallere_Dizilimi\">Katyonlarda Elektronlar\u0131n Orbitallere Dizilimi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Katyonlar, elektron vererek, pozitif y\u00fck kazanm\u0131\u015f atom yada molek\u00fcllerdir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proton say\u0131s\u0131 21 ile 30 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki katyonlar\u0131n orbital da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yaparken dikkat etmek zorunday\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bu aral\u0131ktaki atomlar\u0131n temel halde iken orbital d\u00fczenleri: <strong><em>4s 3d<\/em><\/strong> orbitalleri ile biter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00d6zel durum da tam burada ba\u015flar: Bu atomlar, elektron vermeye 4s orbitalinden ba\u015flarlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc; &#8220;<strong><em>Elektronlar son orbitalden de\u011fil son y\u00f6r\u00fcngeden ba\u015flanarak verilir.<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu atomun son y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi 4s, son orbitali 3d&#8217;dir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kural gere\u011fi \u00f6nce, 4. y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki 4s elektronlar\u0131n\u0131 verirler; 3. y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki 3d elektronlar\u0131n de\u011fil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4s elektronlar\u0131 biterse, o zaman elektron vermeye 3d&#8217;den devam ederler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu y\u00fczden, proton say\u0131s\u0131 21-30 aras\u0131nda olan atomlar\u0131n katyonlar\u0131nda; \u00f6nce temel hallerine ait orbital dizilimini yaz\u0131p, sonra 4s&#8217;den ba\u015flayarak elektron vermek gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ogretici_Ornek-4\">\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><sub>26<\/sub>Fe, <sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sup>2+<\/sup> ve <sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sup>3+<\/sup> iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n elektronlar\u0131n\u0131 orbitallerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Demir (Fe) atomunun proton say\u0131s\u0131 26&#8217;d\u0131r. Yani 21-30 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu durumda, bu atomun katyonuna dikkat etmemiz gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu atom elektron verirken \u00f6nce 4s orbitalindekileri verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Demir atomunun temel hal elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olacakt\u0131r:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sub>26<\/sub><\/strong> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>6<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fe<sup>2+<\/sup> katyonu, iki elektron vermi\u015f demir atomudur. 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>6<\/sup> ile biten bir atom, 2 elektron vermesi gerekti\u011finde, 4s<sup>2<\/sup> orbitalindeki 2 elektronu verir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sub>24<\/sub><sup>2+<\/sup><\/strong> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 3d<sup>6<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fe<sup>3+<\/sup> katyonu, \u00fc\u00e7 elektron vermi\u015f demir atomudur. 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>6<\/sup> ile biten bir atom, 3 elektron vermesi gerekti\u011finde, 4s<sup>2<\/sup> orbitalindeki 2 elektronu ve \u00fcst\u00fcne 3d<sup>6<\/sup> orbitallerinden 1 elektronunu verir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sub>23<\/sub><sup>3+<\/sup><\/strong> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 3d<sup>5<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u0130KKAT: Sak\u0131n ola, <strong><sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sub>24<\/sub><sup>2+<\/sup><\/strong> katyonunda, 24 elektronu, n\u00f6t\u00fcr bir atomda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi s\u0131rayla orbitallere da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong><sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sub>24<\/sub><sup>2+<\/sup><\/strong> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>4<\/sup> (YANLI\u015e)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, <strong><sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sub>23<\/sub><sup>3+<\/sup><\/strong> katyonunda, 23 elektron var diyerek, do\u011frudan 23 elektronu orbital s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong><sub>26<\/sub>Fe<sub>23<\/sub><sup>3+<\/sup><\/strong> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup> 3d<sup>3<\/sup> (YANLI\u015e)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Uyarilmis_ve_Temel_Hal_Orbital_Dizilimi\">Uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Temel Hal Orbital Dizilimi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Temel haldeki atomlarda:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elektronlar orbitallere doldura doldura yerle\u015fir.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00d6nceki orbital dolmadan sonrakine elektron yerle\u015fmez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orbitallerin s\u0131ras\u0131 bozulmaz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00d6rnek<\/strong>: Temel haldeki Ca atomu \u015f\u00f6yledir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><sub>20<\/sub>Ca<sub>20<\/sub> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f atomlarda:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Temel haldeki bir atom enerji al\u0131rsa uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hale ge\u00e7er.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al\u0131nan enerji ile elektronlar\u0131 daha sonraki bo\u015f orbitallere s\u0131\u00e7rar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektron diziliminde bo\u015fluklar, atlamalar olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enerjisi temel hale g\u00f6re daha \u00e7oktur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektron koparmak temel hale g\u00f6re daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00d6rnek<\/strong>: Uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haldeki Ca atomu \u015f\u00f6yle olabilir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><sub>20<\/sub>Ca<sub>20<\/sub> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>1<\/sup>3d<sup>1<\/sup>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Biraz daha enerji verirsek \u015f\u00f6yle de olabilir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><sub>20<\/sub>Ca<sub>20<\/sub> : 1s<sup>2<\/sup> 2s<sup>2<\/sup> 2p<sup>6<\/sup> 3s<sup>2<\/sup> 3p<sup>6<\/sup> 4s<sup>1<\/sup>4p<sup>1<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130&ccedil;indekilerModern Atom TeorisiBohr Atom Modelinin S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131\u00d6rnek:Orbitale Giden S\u00fcre\u00e7 De Broglie Dalga Denklemi Heisenberg Belirsizlik \u0130lkesi Schr\u00f6dinger Dalga DenklemiY\u00f6r\u00fcnge ve Orbital Aras\u0131ndaki FarklarY\u00f6r\u00fcngeOrbitalOrbital Kavram\u0131Orbitallerin \u015eekilleris Orbitalip Orbitallerid Orbitallerif OrbitalleriOrbitallere Elektron Yerle\u015ftirmekOrbitallerin Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge Numaralar\u0131Tam Dolu ve Yar\u0131 Dolu OrbitallerOrbitallerin Yalanc\u0131 \u015eekilleriHund Kural\u0131\u00d6rnek:Elektronlar\u0131n Orbitallere Dizilimi\u00d6\u011fretici \u00d6rnek:\u00d6rnek:\u00d6rnek:\u00d6rnek:Tam ve Yar\u0131 Dolu Orbital Say\u0131s\u0131\u00d6rnek:Orbitallerdeki Elektronlar\u0131n Kuantum Say\u0131lar\u01311. Ba\u015f kuantum say\u0131s\u0131 (n)2. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[107,109,108],"class_list":["post-2053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modern-atom-teorisi","tag-atomun-kuantum-modeli","tag-bulut-modeli","tag-modern-atom-teorisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2053"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29915,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2053\/revisions\/29915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}