{"id":1642,"date":"2020-09-05T03:52:23","date_gmt":"2020-09-05T00:52:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/?p=1642"},"modified":"2021-11-28T01:22:21","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T22:22:21","slug":"asitler-ve-bazlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/asitler-bazlar-ve-tuzlar\/asitler-ve-bazlar\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Asitler ve Bazlar"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Asitleri_ve_Bazlari_Taniyalim\">Asitleri ve Bazlar\u0131 Tan\u0131yal\u0131m<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Asitlerin_Genel_Ozellikleri\">Asitlerin Genel \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazlarin_Genel_Ozellikleri\">Bazlar\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cevremizdeki_Asitler\">\u00c7evremizdeki Asitler<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Meyve_Asitleri\">Meyve Asitleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazi_Dogal_Asitler\">Baz\u0131 Do\u011fal Asitler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazi_Yaygin_Asitler_ve_Formulleri\">Baz\u0131 Yayg\u0131n Asitler ve Form\u00fclleri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cevremizdeki_Bazlar\">\u00c7evremizdeki Bazlar<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Temizlik_Maddeleri_Genellikle_Bazdir\">Temizlik Maddeleri Genellikle Bazd\u0131r<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazi_Dogal_Bazlar\">Baz\u0131 Do\u011fal Bazlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazi_Yaygin_Bazlar_ve_Formulleri\">Baz\u0131 Yayg\u0131n Bazlar ve Form\u00fclleri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Indikatorler\">\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kimyasallar_Tadina_Bakilarak_Taninmaz\">Kimyasallar Tad\u0131na Bak\u0131larak Tan\u0131nmaz<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Indikatorler-2\">\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Dogal_Indikatorler\">Do\u011fal \u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kirmizi_Mor_Lahana_Suyu_Deneyi\">K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 (Mor) Lahana Suyu Deneyi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ortanca_Cicegi\">Ortanca \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Turnusol_Kagidi_Deneyi\">Turnusol Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 Deneyi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Gul_Suyunun_Indikator_Olarak_Kullanilmasi_Deneyi\">G\u00fcl Suyunun \u0130ndikat\u00f6r Olarak Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 Deneyi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Yaygin_Kullanilan_Idikatorler\">Yayg\u0131n Kullan\u0131lan \u0130dikat\u00f6rler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Asit-Baz_Cozeltilerinde_H_ve_OH8211_Iyonlari\">Asit-Baz \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerinde H+ ve OH&#8211; \u0130yonlar\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sulu_Cozeltilerde_pH_Kavrami\">Sulu \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde pH Kavram\u0131<\/a><ul><li><ul><li><a href=\"#pH_Degerlerinin_Anlami\">pH De\u011ferlerinin Anlam\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kuvvetli_ve_Zayif_Asitler\">Kuvvetli ve Zay\u0131f Asitler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kuvvetli_ve_Zayif_Bazlar\">Kuvvetli ve Zay\u0131f Bazlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#pH_Kagidi\">pH Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#pH_Kagidi_ile_pH_Olcumu_Nasil_Yapilir\">pH Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile pH \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#pH_Metre\">pH Metre<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Asit_ve_Bazlarin_Suda_Cozunme_Tepkimeleri\">Asit ve Bazlar\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Tepkimeleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Asitlerin_Suda_Cozunmesi_Tepkimeleri\">Asitlerin Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi Tepkimeleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cozunme_Tepkimelerinde_Su_Bazen_Gorunmez\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Tepkimelerinde Su Bazen G\u00f6r\u00fcnmez<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazlarin_Suda_Cozunmesi_Tepkimeleri\">Bazlar\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi Tepkimeleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#NH3_Amonyak_Bazinin_Suda_Cozunmesi\">NH3 (Amonyak) Baz\u0131n\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Alkollere_Dikkat\">Alkollere Dikkat!<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-2\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ornek-3\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Oksitler\">Oksitler<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ornek-4\">\u00d6rnek:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bazik_Oksitler\">Bazik Oksitler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Asidik_Oksitler\">Asidik Oksitler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Notur_Oksitler\">N\u00f6t\u00fcr Oksitler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Amfoter_Oksitler\">Amfoter Oksitler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Konu_Ozeti\">Konu \u00d6zeti<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Asit_8211_Baz_Ornekleri\">Asit &#8211; Baz \u00d6rnekleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Indikatorler-3\">\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#pH\">pH<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Asite_ve_Bazlarin_Suda_Cozunme_Tepkimeleri\">Asite ve Bazlar\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Tepkimeleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Asidik_ve_Bazik_Oksitler\">Asidik ve Bazik Oksitler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p>Sevgili \u00f6\u011frencim, <strong>asitler ve bazlar<\/strong>, kimyasal maddeler i\u00e7inde, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za en \u00e7ok \u00e7\u0131kacak bile\u015fikler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bu derste;<ul><li><em>Asit ve bazlar\u0131 genel olarak tan\u0131may\u0131<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u00c7evremizdeki bir \u00e7ok asit ve baz\u0131<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u0130ndikat\u00f6rleri<\/em><\/li><li><em>pH kavram\u0131n\u0131<\/em><\/li><li><em>Asit ve bazlar\u0131n sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerini<\/em><\/li><li><em>Asidik ve bazik oksitleri<\/em> g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asitleri_ve_Bazlari_Taniyalim\">Asitleri ve Bazlar\u0131 Tan\u0131yal\u0131m<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir maddeyi tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in, o maddenin \u00f6zelliklerini iyi bilmemiz gerekir. Bu durum asit ve bazlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Gelin, asit ve baz bile\u015fiklerinin \u00f6zelliklerine bir bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asitlerin_Genel_Ozellikleri\">Asitlerin Genel \u00d6zellikleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#ffebb2\"><li>Asitlerin tad\u0131 <strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">ek\u015fidir<\/span><\/em><\/strong>. (Asit kelimesinin anlam\u0131 da zaten &#8220;ek\u015fi&#8221;dir.)<\/li><li>Genellikle suda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletir. Bu y\u00fczden asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri <strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">elektrolittir<\/span><\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Mavi turnusol k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n rengini <strong><em><span style=\"color:#ff0000\" class=\"has-inline-color\">k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya <\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00e7evirir.<\/li><li>Asitler bazlarla tepkimeye girerek tuz ve su olu\u015fturur. Bu tepkimeye <em><strong><span style=\"color:#913d02\" class=\"has-inline-color\">n\u00f6t\u00fcrle\u015fme (n\u00f6tralle\u015fme) tepkimesi<\/span><\/strong><\/em> denir.<\/li><li>Asitler, <strong><em>karbonatl\u0131 (CO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup>) <\/em><\/strong>bile\u015fiklere etki ederek <em><strong>CO<sub>2<\/sub> (karbon dioksit)<\/strong><\/em> gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<br>CaCO<sub>3(k)<\/sub> + 2HCl<sub>(suda)<\/sub> \u2192 CaCl<sub>2(suda)<\/sub> + CO<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li><li>Asitler, b\u00fct\u00fcn aktif <span style=\"color:#bd8b01\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><em><strong>metallerle <\/strong><\/em><\/span>(Mg, Fe, Zn gibi) tepkimeye girerek <em><strong><span style=\"color:#203a49\" class=\"has-inline-color\">hidrojen gaz\u0131 (H<sub>2(g)<\/sub>) <\/span><\/strong><\/em>\u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur.<br>2HCl<sub>(suda)<\/sub> + Zn<sub>(k)<\/sub> \u2192  ZnCl<sub>2(suda)<\/sub> + H<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/li><li>Asitler <strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 <\/span><\/em><\/strong>ve <em><strong><span style=\"color:#76346b\" class=\"has-inline-color\">tahri\u015f edici<\/span><\/strong><\/em> \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. Ciltle temas ettiklerinde yak\u0131c\u0131 etki g\u00f6sterir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazlarin_Genel_Ozellikleri\">Bazlar\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#dcf2ff\"><li>Bazlar\u0131n tad\u0131 <span style=\"color:#025f3d\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong><em>ac\u0131d\u0131r<\/em><\/strong><\/span>.<\/li><li>Bazlara, &#8220;<em><strong><span style=\"color:#7e1d35\" class=\"has-inline-color\">alkali <\/span><\/strong>maddeler<\/em>&#8221; de denir.<\/li><li>Bazlar, ciltte <strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">kayganl\u0131k hissi<\/span><\/em><\/strong> olu\u015fturur.<\/li><li>Genellikle suda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletir. Bu y\u00fczden baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri <strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">elektrolittir<\/span><\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 turnusol k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n rengini <em><strong><span style=\"color:#0077bc\" class=\"has-inline-color\">maviye <\/span><\/strong><\/em>\u00e7evirir.<\/li><li>Bazlar asitler ile reaksiyona girerek <span style=\"color:#7d3400\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong><em>n\u00f6tralle\u015fme<\/em><\/strong> <\/span>tepkimesi verir.<\/li><li><em><strong>Kuvvetli bazlar<\/strong><\/em>, &#8220;<em><strong><span style=\"color:#9e0505\" class=\"has-inline-color\">amfoter metallerle<\/span><\/strong><\/em>&#8221; reaksiyona girerek hidrojen gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur. Amfoter metaller 6 tanedir: <ol><li>\u00c7inko (Zn)<\/li><li>Krom (Cr)<\/li><li>Al\u00fcminyum (Al)<\/li><li>Kur\u015fun (Pb)<\/li><li>Kalay (Sn)<\/li><li>Berilyum (Be)<\/li><\/ol><\/li><li>Bazlar da t\u0131pk\u0131 asitler gibi <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong><em>a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 <\/em><\/strong><\/span>ve <em><strong><span style=\"color:#4c167e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">tahri\u015f edicidirler<\/span><\/strong><\/em> ve Ciltle temas ettiklerinde yak\u0131c\u0131 etki g\u00f6sterir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cevremizdeki_Asitler\">\u00c7evremizdeki Asitler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#fff97d\">\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Meyve_Asitleri\">Meyve Asitleri<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u00fct\u00fcn meyvelerin asitleri vard\u0131r. Biz bu asitlere &#8220;<strong><em>meyve asitleri<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; diyoruz.<\/li><li>Meyvelerdeki asit miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, meyvenin da tad\u0131ndaki ek\u015filik de artar.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Baz\u0131 meyve asitleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Elma asidi: Malik asit<\/li><li>\u00c7ilek asidi: Folik asit<\/li><li>\u00dcz\u00fcm asidi: Tartarik asit<\/li><li>Limon ve portakal asidi: Sitrik asit<\/li><li>Zeytin asidi: Oleik asit<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/limon-sitrik-asit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"331\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/limon-sitrik-asit.jpg\" alt=\"Sitrik Asit - Limon\" data-id=\"1650\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/limon-sitrik-asit.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/asitler-bazlar-ve-tuzlar\/1-asitler-ve-bazlar\/attachment\/limon-sitrik-asit\/\" class=\"wp-image-1650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/limon-sitrik-asit.jpg 331w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/limon-sitrik-asit-300x205.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Sitrik Asit &#8211; Limon<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/zeytin-oleik-asit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/zeytin-oleik-asit.jpg\" alt=\"Oleik Asit - Zeytin\" data-id=\"1654\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/zeytin-oleik-asit.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/zeytin-oleik-asit\/\" class=\"wp-image-1654\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Oleik Asit &#8211; Zeytin<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/elma-malik-asit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/elma-malik-asit.jpg\" alt=\"Malik Asit - Elma\" data-id=\"1653\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/elma-malik-asit.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/elma-malik-asit\/\" class=\"wp-image-1653\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Malik Asit &#8211; Elma<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/uzum-tartarik-asit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"171\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/uzum-tartarik-asit.jpg\" alt=\"Tartarik Asit - \u00dcz\u00fcm\" data-id=\"1652\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/uzum-tartarik-asit.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/uzum-tartarik-asit\/\" class=\"wp-image-1652\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tartarik Asit &#8211; \u00dcz\u00fcm<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/cilek-folik-asit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/cilek-folik-asit.jpg\" alt=\"Folik Asit - \u00c7ilek\" data-id=\"1651\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/cilek-folik-asit.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/cilek-folik-asit\/\" class=\"wp-image-1651\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Folik Asit &#8211; \u00c7ilek<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazi_Dogal_Asitler\">Baz\u0131 Do\u011fal Asitler<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Meyvelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da bir \u00e7ok asit ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu asitlere \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Is\u0131rgan otunda <strong><em>formik asit<\/em><\/strong> vard\u0131r. Is\u0131rgan otunun \u0131s\u0131rmas\u0131 bu y\u00fczden yakar.<\/li><li>Kar\u0131ncalarda da <em><strong>formik asit<\/strong><\/em> vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>S\u00fctte, <em><strong>laktik asit<\/strong><\/em> vard\u0131r. S\u00fct bayatlad\u0131k\u00e7a laktik asit oran\u0131 artar.<\/li><li>Gazozda ve b\u00fct\u00fcn gazl\u0131 i\u00e7eceklerde <em><strong>karbonik asit<\/strong><\/em> vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>Araba ak\u00fclerinde <em><strong>s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit<\/strong><\/em> \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi vard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazi_Yaygin_Asitler_ve_Formulleri\">Baz\u0131 Yayg\u0131n Asitler ve Form\u00fclleri<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>HF<\/strong>: Hidroflorik asit (Hidrojen flor\u00fcr)<\/li><li><strong>HCl<\/strong>: Hidroklorik asit (Hidrojen klor\u00fcr)<\/li><li><strong>HBr<\/strong>: Hidrobromik asit (Hidrojen brom\u00fcr)<\/li><li><strong>HI<\/strong>: Hidroiyodik asit (Hidrojen iyod\u00fcr)<\/li><li><strong>HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong>: Nitrik asit (Kezzap)<\/li><li><strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/strong>: S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit (Za\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131)<\/li><li><strong>HClO<sub>4<\/sub><\/strong>: Perklorat asidi<\/li><li><strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong>: Korbonik asit<\/li><li><strong>CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<\/strong>: Asetik asit (sirke)<\/li><li><strong>H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub><\/strong>: Fosforik asit<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cevremizdeki_Bazlar\">\u00c7evremizdeki Bazlar<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#c3ffe7\">\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Temizlik_Maddeleri_Genellikle_Bazdir\">Temizlik Maddeleri Genellikle Bazd\u0131r<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bazlar\u0131n tad\u0131 ac\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi, bazlar\u0131 tan\u0131mam\u0131zda bize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Mesela <em>hardal<\/em>, <em>karabiber<\/em> ve <em>ac\u0131 biberin<\/em> yap\u0131s\u0131nda baz oldu\u011funu buradan anlayabiliriz.<\/li><li>Ele kayganl\u0131k hissi vermeleri, bazlar\u0131n di\u011fer belirgin \u00f6zellikleridir. Bu \u00f6zellik yard\u0131m\u0131 ile, bir \u00e7ok temizlik maddesinin bazik maddeler oldu\u011funu anlamak gayet kolayd\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazi_Dogal_Bazlar\">Baz\u0131 Do\u011fal Bazlar<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, \u00e7evremizde g\u00f6rebilece\u011fimiz bazlardan baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sabunlar<\/li><li>Deterjanlar<\/li><li>\u015eampuanlar<\/li><li>Di\u015f macunu<\/li><li>Kire\u00e7<\/li><li>\u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r sodas\u0131<\/li><li>K\u00fcl (Odun veya k\u00f6m\u00fcr k\u00fcl\u00fc)<\/li><li>Kabartma tozu (Karbonat)<\/li><li>Sodalar<\/li><li>Ya\u011f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler<\/li><li>Lavabo a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/li><li>Mermer<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazi_Yaygin_Bazlar_ve_Formulleri\">Baz\u0131 Yayg\u0131n Bazlar ve Form\u00fclleri<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>NaOH<\/strong>: Sodyum hidroksit (Sud kostik)<\/li><li><strong>KOH<\/strong>: Potasyum hidroksit (Potas kostik)<\/li><li><strong>Mg(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong>: Magnezyum hidroksit<\/li><li><strong>Ba(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong>: Baryum hidroksit<\/li><li><strong>NH<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong>: Amonyak<\/li><li><strong>Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong>: Kalsiyum hidroksit<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Indikatorler\">\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#f9daff\">\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kimyasallar_Tadina_Bakilarak_Taninmaz\">Kimyasallar Tad\u0131na Bak\u0131larak Tan\u0131nmaz<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"498\" height=\"193\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Amanita-muscaria-ibotenik-asit.jpg\" alt=\"\u0130botenik Asit - Asitler ve Bazlar\" class=\"wp-image-1646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Amanita-muscaria-ibotenik-asit.jpg 498w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/Amanita-muscaria-ibotenik-asit-300x116.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><figcaption>\u0130botenik Asit &#8211; Asitler ve Bazlar<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Resimdeki mantar, <em>Amanita Muscaria<\/em> (emanita muskariya) adl\u0131 bir mantard\u0131r ve yap\u0131s\u0131nda <em>\u0130botenik Asit<\/em> bulundurur.<\/li><li>\u0130botenik Asit, zehirlidir ve bu mantar\u0131 yiyenlerin \u00f6l\u00fcm riski vard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Indikatorler-2\">\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asitleri ve bazlar\u0131 tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in her zaman tad\u0131na bakmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<ul><li>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir \u00e7ok asit veya baz olduk\u00e7a zararl\u0131d\u0131r hatta zehirlidir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Tad\u0131na bakmadan asit ve bazlar\u0131 tan\u0131man\u0131n bir yolu, <em><strong>indikat\u00f6r<\/strong><\/em> kullanmakt\u0131r.<ul><li><span style=\"color: initial;\">Asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde ba\u015fka, baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde ba\u015fka renk veren organik maddelere <strong>indikat\u00f6r <\/strong>denir.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Dogal_Indikatorler\">Do\u011fal \u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 do\u011fal indikat\u00f6rler ve verdikleri renkler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table table-dark\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Do\u011fal \u0130ndikat\u00f6r<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Asitte Verdi\u011fi Renk<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Bazda Verdi\u011fi Renk<\/th>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131lahana<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 &#8211; Pembe<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Ye\u015fil &#8211; Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>G\u00fcl yapra\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>A\u00e7\u0131k Pembe<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 so\u011fan kabu\u011fu<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>A\u00e7\u0131k K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>A\u00e7\u0131k Kahverengi<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Ku\u015fburnu<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Koyu Ye\u015fil<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>\u00c7ilek<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>A\u00e7\u0131k Turuncu<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131 &#8211; Ye\u015fil<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>\u00c7ay<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Kahverengi<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Kiraz<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>A\u00e7\u0131k Pembe<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>A\u00e7\u0131k Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Lavanta<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Renksiz<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Kahverengi<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kirmizi_Mor_Lahana_Suyu_Deneyi\">K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 (Mor) Lahana Suyu Deneyi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Mor (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 da denir) lahana<\/strong> suyunun \u00fczerine;<ul><li><em><strong>asit <\/strong><\/em>d\u00f6kerseniz <em><strong>k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-pembe<\/strong><\/em> renkli bir s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6ner<\/li><li><strong><em>baz<\/em> <\/strong>d\u00f6kerseniz <em><strong>ye\u015fil-sar\u0131<\/strong><\/em> renkli bir s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6ner.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Lahana DENEY\u0130 # Asit - Baz Testi (\u0130ndikat\u00f6r Yap\u0131m\u0131)\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_M6d0wTvS4I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Mor Lahana Suyu ile \u0130ndikat\u00f6r Yapma Deneyi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ortanca_Cicegi\">Ortanca \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/mavi-ortanca.jpg\" alt=\"Asidik Toprakta Yeti\u015fen Ortanca \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi\" data-id=\"1661\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/mavi-ortanca.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/asitler-bazlar-ve-tuzlar\/1-asitler-ve-bazlar\/attachment\/mavi-ortanca\/\" class=\"wp-image-1661\"\/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Asidik Toprakta Yeti\u015fen Ortanca \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/kirmizi-ortanca.jpg\" alt=\"Bazik Toprakta Yeti\u015fen Ortanca \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi\" data-id=\"1660\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/kirmizi-ortanca.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/asitler-bazlar-ve-tuzlar\/1-asitler-ve-bazlar\/attachment\/kirmizi-ortanca\/\" class=\"wp-image-1660\"\/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Bazik &#8211; N\u00f6t\u00fcr Toprakta Yeti\u015fen Ortanca \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Asidik &#8211; Bazik Toprakta Ortanca \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:30%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em style=\"color: initial;\"><strong>Asidik <\/strong><\/em><span style=\"color: initial;\">toprakta yeti\u015firse <\/span><em style=\"color: initial;\"><strong>mavi <\/strong><\/em><span style=\"color: initial;\">renkli olur<\/span><\/li><li><strong><em>Bazik<\/em> <\/strong>ya da n\u00f6t\u00fcr toprakta yeti\u015firse <em><strong>pembe <\/strong><\/em>renkli olur.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Turnusol_Kagidi_Deneyi\">Turnusol Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 Deneyi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Turnusol ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131<\/strong>;<ul><li><strong>asit <\/strong>\u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde <strong>k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>baz <\/strong>\u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde <strong>mavi <\/strong>renk al\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><em>Turnusol ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131 asitler k\u0131zart\u0131r, bazlar morart\u0131r.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Asit &amp; Baz Deneyi : Turnusol ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki renk de\u011fi\u015fimleri\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ruv-4rdVRb4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Turnusol Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile Asit ve Bazlar\u0131 Tan\u0131ma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Gul_Suyunun_Indikator_Olarak_Kullanilmasi_Deneyi\">G\u00fcl Suyunun \u0130ndikat\u00f6r Olarak Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 Deneyi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>G\u00fcl yapra\u011f\u0131ndan elde edilen su da bir indikat\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<ul><li><strong><em>Asidik <\/em><\/strong>ortamda <em><strong>A\u00e7\u0131k Pembe<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li><strong><em>Bazik <\/em><\/strong>ortamda <em><strong>sar\u0131ms\u0131 <\/strong><\/em>bir renk al\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"(G\u00dcL SUYU) Do\u011fal Asit Baz Ay\u0131rac\u0131 (\u0130ndikat\u00f6r\u00fc) - Lise ve Ortaokul Deneyleri - Kurtulu\u015f ATLI\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2q6_CuCycxc?start=184&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Yaygin_Kullanilan_Idikatorler\">Yayg\u0131n Kullan\u0131lan \u0130dikat\u00f6rler<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, laboratuvarlarda g\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 indikat\u00f6rleri vermektedir.<ul><li>Tablo, indikat\u00f6rlerin, maddenin pH de\u011ferine g\u00f6re verdikleri renkleri g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Bu tablodaki indikat\u00f6rleri ezberlemek zorunda de\u011filsiniz.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table table-dark\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">Do\u011fal \u0130ndikat\u00f6r<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">pH S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n Alt\u0131nda<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">pH S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/th>\n\t\t\t<th scope=\"col\">pH S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00dcst\u00fcnde<\/th>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Metil menek\u015fesi\n\t\t\t\t(metilviyole)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>0,0 &#8211; 0,16<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi &#8211; Menek\u015fe<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Malahit ye\u015fili<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>0,2 &#8211; 0,18<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi &#8211; Menek\u015fe<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Metil sar\u0131s\u0131 (etanolde)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>2,9 &#8211; 4,0<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Bromfenol mavisi<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>3,0 &#8211; 4,6<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Menek\u015fe<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Kango k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>3,0 &#8211; 5,2<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Metil turuncusu<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Turuncu<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>3,1 &#8211; 4,4<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Bromkrezol ye\u015fili<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>3,8 &#8211; 5,4<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Metil k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>4,2 &#8211; 6,3<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Litmus (azolitmin)<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>4,5 &#8211; 8,3<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Bromkrezol moru<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>5,2 &#8211; 6,6<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Menek\u015fe<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Bromkrezol mavisi<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>6,0 &#8211; 7,6<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Fenol k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>6,6 &#8211; 8,0<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Fenolftalein<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Renksiz<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>8,2 &#8211; 10,0<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi &#8211; Menek\u015fe<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Timolftalein<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Renksiz<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>9,4 &#8211; 10,6<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>Alizarin sar\u0131s\u0131 R<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>10,1 &#8211; 12,0<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Portakal &#8211; K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td>\u0130ndigo karmin<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Mavi<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>11,4 &#8211; 13,0<\/td>\n\t\t\t<td>Sar\u0131<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asit-Baz_Cozeltilerinde_H_ve_OH8211_Iyonlari\">Asit-Baz \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerinde H<sup>+<\/sup> ve OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> \u0130yonlar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0a5b3d\"><strong>H<sup>+<\/sup><\/strong> iyonu ile <strong>H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><\/strong> (<em><strong>hidronyum<\/strong><\/em>) iyon ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<br><strong>OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/strong> iyonunun ad\u0131 <em><strong>hidrosit<\/strong><\/em> veya <strong><em>hidroksil<\/em><\/strong>dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u015eeker gibi, asitler ve bazlar\u0131n da <strong><em>\u00e7o\u011fu<\/em><\/strong> suda <strong><em>iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Bir <strong><em>asit<\/em> <\/strong>suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde &#8220;<strong><em>asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; olu\u015fur.<\/li><li>Bir <strong><em>baz<\/em> <\/strong>suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde &#8220;<strong><em>baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; olu\u015fur.<\/li><li><strong><em>Asitler <\/em><\/strong>sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine <strong>H<sup>+1<\/sup><\/strong> veya <strong>H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><\/strong> iyonu verirler.<\/li><li><strong><em>Bazlar <\/em><\/strong>sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine <strong>OH<sup>-1<\/sup><\/strong> iyonu <strong><em>verirler<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin, <strong><em>asidik <\/em><\/strong>mi <strong><em>bazik <\/em><\/strong>mi oldu\u011fu, \u00e7\u00f6zeltide bulunan <strong>H<sup>+1<\/sup><\/strong> (<strong>H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+1<\/sup><\/strong> de denir) ve <strong>OH<sup>-1<\/sup><\/strong> say\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide; <strong>H<sup>+1<\/sup><\/strong> say\u0131s\u0131 daha fazla ise, o sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti <strong><em>asidiktir<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide; <strong>OH<sup>-1<\/sup><\/strong> say\u0131s\u0131 daha fazla ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti <strong><em>baziktir<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>E\u011fer bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki <strong>H<sup>+1<\/sup><\/strong> ve <strong>OH<sup>-1<\/sup><\/strong> say\u0131s\u0131 birbirine e\u015fitse \u00e7\u00f6zelti n\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#105076\"><li>Asidik sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti: H<sup>+<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131 &gt; OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131<\/li><li>Bazik sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti: OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131 &gt; H<sup>+<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131<\/li><li>N\u00f6t\u00fcr sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti: H<sup>+<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131 = OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>N\u00f6t\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler<\/em><\/strong>; <strong><em>asidik <\/em><\/strong>\u00f6zellik de g\u00f6stermez <strong><em>bazik <\/em><\/strong>\u00f6zellik de <strong><em>g\u00f6stermez<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6\u011fretmeni, kimya dersinde Burak&#8217;a asitlerin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sormu\u015ftur. Fakat Burak, o anda heyecanlan\u0131p cevab\u0131 hat\u0131rlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve s\u0131ra arkada\u015f\u0131ndan yard\u0131m istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Buna g\u00f6re, Burak&#8217;\u0131n s\u0131ra arkada\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisini s\u00f6ylerse do\u011fru bir asit tan\u0131m\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olur?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A) Suya OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonu veren bile\u015fikler asittir.<br>B) Suya H<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu veren bile\u015fikler asittir.<br>C) Suya selam veren bile\u015fikler asittir.<br>D) Sudan H<sup>+<\/sup> alan bile\u015fikler asittir.<br>E) Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bile\u015fikler asittir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>B<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>Arrhenius&#8217;un tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re:<br>&#8212; Aasitler, suya H+ iyonu verene bile\u015fiklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Buna g\u00f6re, do\u011fru cevap <strong>B<\/strong> se\u00e7ene\u011fidir.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Sulu_Cozeltilerde_pH_Kavrami\">Sulu \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde pH Kavram\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pH, &#8220;hidrojenin g\u00fcc\u00fc (<strong>power<\/strong>&nbsp;of the&nbsp;<strong>hydrogen<\/strong>&nbsp;ion)&#8221; demektir.<\/li><li>pH kavram\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdeki <strong><em>H<sup>+1<\/sup> iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131<\/em><\/strong> anlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong><em>pH de\u011feri <\/em><\/strong>bilinen bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin <strong><em>asit mi baz m\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlayabiliriz.<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>pH de\u011ferinin nas\u0131l hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kimya 11 konusudur. Bu y\u00fczden burada bu hesaba girilmeyecektir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"pH_Degerlerinin_Anlami\">pH De\u011ferlerinin Anlam\u0131<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pH, <strong><em>0 ile 14<\/em><\/strong> aras\u0131nda de\u011ferler al\u0131r.<\/li><li>Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011ferine biliyorsak, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin asidik ve bazik karakterini de biliriz.<\/li><li><strong><em>Asidik <\/em><\/strong>\u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde pH de\u011feri <em style=\"font-weight: bold;\">7&#8217;den daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr<\/em>.<\/li><li><strong><em>Bazik<\/em><\/strong> \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde pH de\u011feri <strong><em>7&#8217;den daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong><em>N\u00f6t\u00fcr <\/em><\/strong>\u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde ise <strong><em>pH tam 7<\/em><\/strong> dir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#4e2f6a\"><strong>pH &lt; 7 ise Asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir.<\/strong><br><strong>pH &gt; 7 ise Baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir.<\/strong><br><strong>pH = 7 ise N\u00f6tr bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde, dikey bir pH ekseni ve baz\u0131 maddelerin pH de\u011ferleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"423\" height=\"569\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/pH-kavrami.jpg\" alt=\"Asit ve Bazlarda pH Kavram\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-1679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/pH-kavrami.jpg 423w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/pH-kavrami-223x300.jpg 223w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 423px) 100vw, 423px\" \/><figcaption>Asit ve Bazlarda pH Kavram\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Merakl\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki resimde, \u00e7evremizdeki baz\u0131 maddelerin pH de\u011ferleri verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/ph-kavrami-ph-ornekleri.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/ph-kavrami-ph-ornekleri.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c7evremizdeki Baz\u0131 Maddelerin pH De\u011ferleri\" class=\"wp-image-1684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/ph-kavrami-ph-ornekleri.jpg 700w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/ph-kavrami-ph-ornekleri-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u00c7evremizdeki Baz\u0131 Maddelerin pH De\u011ferleri<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kuvvetli_ve_Zayif_Asitler\">Kuvvetli ve Zay\u0131f Asitler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>Kuvvetli asitlerin<\/em><\/strong> pH de\u011feri <strong><em>s\u0131f\u0131ra yak\u0131nd\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<ul><li><strong><em>Kuvvetli asitler<\/em><\/strong> \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>HCl (Hidroklorik asit)<\/li><li>HBr (Hidrobormik asit)<\/li><li>HI (Hidroiyodik asit)<\/li><li>HNO<sub>3<\/sub> (Nitrik asit, kezzap)<\/li><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> (S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit, zac ya\u011f\u0131, ak\u00fc asidi)<\/li><li>HClO<sub>4<\/sub> (Perklorat asidi)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Kuvvetli asitlerin kimyasal t\u00fcrleri, suya at\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda %100 iyonlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>pH de\u011feri <strong><em>7&#8217;ye<\/em><\/strong> daha <strong><em>yak\u0131n<\/em><\/strong> olan asitler <strong><em>zay\u0131ft\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<ul><li><strong><em>Zay\u0131f asitlerden<\/em><\/strong> baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>HF (Hidroflorik asit)<\/li><li>HCN (Hidrojen siyan\u00fcr)<\/li><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>S (Hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr)<\/li><li>HCOOH (Formik asit, kar\u0131nca asidi)<\/li><li>CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH (Asetik asit, sirke asidi)<\/li><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub> (Karbonik asit)<\/li><li>H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub> (Fosforik asit)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Zay\u0131f asitlerin kimyasal t\u00fcrleri, suya at\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir oranda iyonlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/li><li>Bu y\u00fczden, zay\u0131f asitler suya \u00e7ok az H<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu verirler.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Kuvvetli_ve_Zayif_Bazlar\">Kuvvetli ve Zay\u0131f Bazlar<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>Kuvvetli bazlar\u0131n<\/em><\/strong> pH de\u011feri de <strong><em>14&#8217;e yak\u0131nd\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<ul><li>Kuvvetli bazlar <strong><em>genellikle 1A ve 2A metallerinin bazlar\u0131d\u0131r<\/em><\/strong> ve \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>NaOH (Sodyum hidroksit)<\/li><li>LiOH (Lityum hidroksit)<\/li><li>KOH (Postasyum hidroksit)<\/li><li>Sr(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> (Stronsiyum hidroksit)<\/li><li>Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> (Kalsiyum hidroksit)<\/li><li>Ba(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> (Baryum hidroksit)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Kuvvetli bazlar\u0131n kimyasal t\u00fcrleri, suya at\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda %100 iyonlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>pH de\u011feri <strong><em>7&#8217;ye<\/em><\/strong> daha <strong><em>yak\u0131n<\/em><\/strong> olan bazlar daha <strong><em>zay\u0131ft\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<ul><li>Zay\u0131f bazlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>Mg(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> (Magnezyum hidroksit)<\/li><li>Fe(OH)<sub>3<\/sub> (Demir-III-hidroksit)<\/li><li>AgOH (G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f hidroksit)<\/li><li>NH<sub>3<\/sub> (Amonyak)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Zay\u0131f bazlar\u0131n, sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr veya suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinde \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir oranda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"pH_Kagidi\">pH Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/ph-kagidi-asitler-bazlar.jpg\" alt=\"pH Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131\" class=\"wp-image-1683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/ph-kagidi-asitler-bazlar.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/ph-kagidi-asitler-bazlar-300x265.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption>pH Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile pH Bulma<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131, \u00fczerinde genelde <strong><em>4 \u00e7e\u015fit renk<\/em><\/strong> olan uzun ince bir ka\u011f\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/li><li>Bu ka\u011f\u0131tlar bir <strong><em>kutu i\u00e7inde<\/em><\/strong> ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da olur.<\/li><li>pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 kutusunun <strong><em>bir y\u00fcz\u00fcnde 0&#8217;dan 7&#8217;e kadar<\/em><\/strong> say\u0131lar ve bu say\u0131lar\u0131n alt\u0131nda <strong><em>renk desenleri<\/em><\/strong> vard\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong><em>Di\u011fer y\u00fcz\u00fcnde de 7&#8217;den 14&#8217;e kadar<\/em><\/strong> say\u0131lar ve bu say\u0131lar\u0131n alt\u0131nda farkl\u0131 <strong><em>renk desenleri<\/em><\/strong> vard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"pH_Kagidi_ile_pH_Olcumu_Nasil_Yapilir\">pH Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile pH \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"PH \u00d6L\u00c7\u00dcM\u00dc- AS\u0130TLER VE BAZLAR\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dDVXg7r2MqE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>pH Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin<strong><em> pH de\u011feri tespit edilebilir<\/em><\/strong>. Bunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yledir:<ol><li>Bunun i\u00e7in pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye bat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre beklenir ve ka\u011f\u0131t \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>Sonra pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 \u00fczerinde olu\u015fan <strong><em>renk desenine bak\u0131l\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n \u00fczerindeki renk deseni, <strong><em>kutusunun \u00fczerindeki desenlerden hangisine daha yak\u0131nda pH de\u011feri yakla\u015f\u0131k o kadard\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesela; yukar\u0131da verilen resimde, ki\u015finin tuttu\u011fu pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n desenine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, 4 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki desene daha \u00e7ok benzedi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fcz. Demek ki bu pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 hangi \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ise, o \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 4&#8217;t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"pH_Metre\">pH Metre<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin pH de\u011ferini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in, pH metreden de yararlanabiliriz.<\/li><li>pH metre,<strong><em> ekran\u0131 olan<\/em><\/strong> elektronik <strong><em>cihazd\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>pH metre, \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ekran\u0131nda, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri yazar.<\/li><li>Piyasada, bir \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 tipte pH metreler vard\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki vidyo, harici ekranl\u0131 ve hassas bir pH metrenin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"16PF0422-DEMOSTRASYON Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130,PH METRE KULLANIMI\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rQaNUh9XKuc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>pH Metre Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu da dahili ekranl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir pH metre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/pH-metre.jpg\" alt=\"pH Metre\" class=\"wp-image-8951\"\/><figcaption>pH Metre<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asit_ve_Bazlarin_Suda_Cozunme_Tepkimeleri\">Asit ve Bazlar\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Tepkimeleri<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1887 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130sve\u00e7li kimyac\u0131 <em><strong>Arrhenius (Arhenus)<\/strong><\/em> <em><strong>asit ve bazlar<\/strong><\/em> i\u00e7in \u015fu <strong><em>tan\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/strong> yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<ul><li><strong><em>Suya H<sup>+1<\/sup> iyonu<\/em><\/strong> (H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+1<\/sup> iyonu da denir) <em><strong>verebilen<\/strong><\/em> maddeler <strong><em>asittir<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong><em>Suya OH<sup>-1<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> (hidroksit veya hidroksil) iyonu <strong><em>verebilen <\/em><\/strong>maddeler de <strong><em>bazd\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Bu tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re, <em><strong>asit ve bazlar\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimelerine<\/strong><\/em> ve bu tepkimelerin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine <strong><em>bakarak<\/em><\/strong>, maddelerin, <strong><em>suya hangi iyonlar\u0131 verdi\u011fini <\/em><\/strong>g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asitlerin_Suda_Cozunmesi_Tepkimeleri\">Asitlerin Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi Tepkimeleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir maddesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimesinin <strong><em>\u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde<\/em><\/strong>:<ul><li><strong><em>H<sup>+<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> veya<\/li><li><strong><em>H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> iyonu varsa madde asittir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da; <strong><em>HCl asidinin<\/em><\/strong> suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimesi verilmi\u015ftir:<ul><li>HCl<sub>(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 <strong>H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong><sub> <\/sub>+ Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>Yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimede, <strong><em>HCl<\/em><\/strong> s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve <strong><em>suya H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> iyonu ve Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonu vermi\u015ftir. Tepkimenin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bunu rahat\u00e7a g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/li><li>Suya verilen Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonu \u015fu anda bir anlam ifade etmiyor fakat; H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu bize bir mesaj veriyor: <strong><em>HCl bile\u015fi\u011fi<\/em><\/strong>, suya H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in bir <strong><em>asittir<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>HCl bile\u015fi\u011fi suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken, HCl ve H<sub>2<\/sub>O molek\u00fcllerindeki atomlar\u0131n d\u00fczeni nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fiyor? Bunu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in yukar\u0131da verdi\u011fimi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimesini bir de molek\u00fcllerin top-\u00e7ubuk modelleri ile g\u00f6relim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"138\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/asitlerin-suda-cozunmesi.jpg\" alt=\"HCl Asitinin Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi\" class=\"wp-image-1690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/asitlerin-suda-cozunmesi.jpg 700w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/asitlerin-suda-cozunmesi-300x59.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption>HCl Asitinin Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Yukar\u0131daki g\u00f6sterime bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, tepkimede bir tane atom, arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 terk edip \u00f6teki molek\u00fcle gidiyor:<ul><li>HCl molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki H<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu, Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonundan kopup, H<sub>2<\/sub>O molek\u00fcl\u00fcne ge\u00e7iyor.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Asl\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn tepkime bu basit olaydan ibaret. Sonu\u00e7ta;<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>O molek\u00fcl\u00fcne bir H<sup>+<\/sup> daha geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in, H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup> iyonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor;<\/li><li>HCl molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> de, arkada\u015f\u0131 gitti\u011fi i\u00e7in yaln\u0131z kal\u0131yor.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, ba\u015fka asitlerin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimeleri verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asit olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in; <strong><em>verdikleri H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup> iyonuna dikkat<\/em><\/strong> etmemiz yeterlidir.<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(s)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192<strong> 2H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong> + SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4(s)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> <strong>\u2192<\/strong> <strong>3H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong> + PO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>3-<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<sub>(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> <strong>\u2192<\/strong> <strong><em>H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/em><\/strong> + CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Cozunme_Tepkimelerinde_Su_Bazen_Gorunmez\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Tepkimelerinde Su Bazen G\u00f6r\u00fcnmez<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimelerinde, genelde, suyu yazmaya \u00fc\u015feniriz. Bu durumda, asit, suya H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup> de\u011fil H<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu verir.<\/li><li>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimelerinde, suyun g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi ya da g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemesi aras\u0131nda, tepkimenin yaz\u0131m\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir fark yoktur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(s)<\/sub>, H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4(s)<\/sub> ve CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<sub>(s)<\/sub> asitlerinin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimeleri \u015f\u00f6yle de verilebilir:<ul><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(s)<\/sub> \u2192 <strong>2H<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong> + SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4(s)<\/sub> <strong>\u2192<\/strong> <strong>3H<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong> + PO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>3-<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<sub>(s)<\/sub> <strong>\u2192<\/strong> <strong>H<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong> + CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimelerinde, su, tepkime okunun \u00fczerinde de g\u00f6sterilebilir. Bu g\u00f6sterim \u015feklinde de asitler, suya H<sup>+1<\/sup> iyonu vereceklerdir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazlarin_Suda_Cozunmesi_Tepkimeleri\">Bazlar\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi Tepkimeleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir maddesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimesinin <strong><em>\u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde<\/em><\/strong>:<ul><li><strong><em>OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> iyonu varsa madde bazd\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>NaOH baz\u0131n\u0131n<\/em><\/strong> suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<ul><li>NaOH<sub>(k)<\/sub> \u2192 Na<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + <strong>OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong><br><\/li><li>NaOH bile\u015fi\u011finin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bu bile\u015fi\u011fin bir baz oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc <strong><em>suya OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonu veriyor<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, ba\u015fka baz\u0131 bazlar\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimeleri verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00dcr\u00fcnlerdeki <strong>OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/strong> iyonuna dikkat edersek baz olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlayabiliriz:<ul><li>KOH<sub>(k)<\/sub> \u2192 K<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + <strong>OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong><\/li><li>Ca(OH)<sub>2(k)<\/sub> \u2192 Ca<sup>+2<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + <strong>2OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong><\/li><li>Mg(OH)<sub>2(k)<\/sub> \u2192 Mg<sup>+2<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + <strong>2OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"NH3_Amonyak_Bazinin_Suda_Cozunmesi\">NH<sub>3<\/sub> (Amonyak) Baz\u0131n\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bazlar\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fcnde OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonunu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz, suya da form\u00fcllerindeki bu OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonunu verirler.<\/li><li>Fakat; NH<sub>3<\/sub> (Amonyak) bile\u015fi\u011fi, form\u00fcl\u00fcnde OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> i\u00e7ermeyen bir bile\u015fiktir ve suya OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonu verebiliyor, yani bir bazd\u0131r.<\/li><li><em>Amonyak<\/em> bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile biraz <em>manyak<\/em> diyebiliriz.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Amonya\u011f\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<ul><li>NH<sub>3(g)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + <strong>OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki tepkimede neler olup bitti\u011fine daha yak\u0131ndan bakmak i\u00e7in, tepkimenin top-\u00e7ubuk modeli ile g\u00f6sterimini g\u00f6relim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/NH3-amonyak-suda-cozunme-tepkimesi.jpg\" alt=\"NH3 (Amonyak) Baz\u0131n\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Tepkimesi\" class=\"wp-image-1696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/NH3-amonyak-suda-cozunme-tepkimesi.jpg 700w, https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2020\/09\/NH3-amonyak-suda-cozunme-tepkimesi-300x96.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption>NH<sub>3<\/sub> (Amonyak) Baz\u0131n\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Tepkimesi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Yukarda, atom modelleri ile verilen tepkimede suyun hidrojenlerinden biri yer de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn tepkime bundan ibaret.<ul><li>Su (H<sub>2<\/sub>O) bile\u015fi\u011fi, bir hidrojenini kaybedince OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor;<\/li><li>NH<sub>3<\/sub> bile\u015fi\u011fi de, suyun H<sup>+<\/sup> iyonunu al\u0131nca NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup> iyonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Yani, Amonyak, uyan\u0131kl\u0131k edip, OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> vermiyor, suda zaten var olan OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> (hidroksit) iyonunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. <\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Alkollere_Dikkat\">Alkollere Dikkat!<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Alkoller sadece C (karbon), H (Hidrojen) ve O (Oksijen) elementlerinden olu\u015fan organik bile\u015fiklerdir. Say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. En bilinen bir ka\u00e7 tanesi \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH (Metil alkol)<\/li><li>C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH (Etil alkol)<\/li><li>C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>7<\/sub>OH (Propil alkol)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Form\u00fcllerine dikkat edersek, hepsinde OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> vard\u0131r ama bu  onlar\u0131 baz yapmaya yetmiyor. Demek ki; her OH&#8217;l\u0131 bile\u015fik de baz de\u011fildir. Yani; alkollerin sizi sarho\u015f edip, baz gibi davranmalar\u0131na izin vermeyin.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Biraz \u00f6nce s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z alkollerin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimelerine bir bakal\u0131m:<ul><li>CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH<sub>(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH<sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH<sub>(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH<sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>7<\/sub>OH<sub>(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>7<\/sub>OH<sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ortal\u0131kta hi\u00e7 OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonu yok. Kimse suya OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> iyonu vermemi\u015f. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu tepkimelerde baz bile\u015fi\u011fi yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-2\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background\">I) CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH<sub>(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH<sub>(suda)<\/sub><br>II) NH<sub>3(g)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><br>III) C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6(k)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6(suda)<\/sub><br>IV) Ca(OH)<sub>2(k)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 Ca<sup>+2<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ 2OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><br>V) CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<sub>(s)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 H<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO<sup>\u2013<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yukar\u0131da, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimeleri verilen maddelerden asit ve baz olanlar hangileridir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>II ve IV baz, V asittir<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>II. tepkimede NH<sub>3(g)<\/sub>, IV. tepkimede de Ca(OH)<sub>2(k)<\/sub> suya <strong>OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/strong> (hidroksil) iyonu verdikleri i\u00e7in bazd\u0131rlar.<br><br>V. tepkimede CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<sub>(s)<\/sub> suya H<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in asittir.<br><br>I. ve III. tepkimelerdeki CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH<sub>(s)<\/sub> ve C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6(k)<\/sub> bile\u015fikleri asit ya da baz de\u011fillerdir. Biri alkol di\u011feri de ise \u015fekerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Cevap: II  ve IV baz, V asittir.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-3\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Laboratuvarda bir baz bile\u015fi\u011fi arayan Ayten, dolaplardaki \u015fi\u015felerin etiketlerine bakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Buna g\u00f6re, etiketinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yazan kapta bir baz bile\u015fi\u011fi vard\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A) HCl<br>B) CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH<br>C) CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<br>D) NaOH<br>E) HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>D<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>Soruda verilen bile\u015fikleri teker teker t\u00fcrleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A) HCl: Asit<br>B) CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH: Alkol<br>C) CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH: Asit<br>D) NaOH: Baz<br>E) HNO<sub>3<\/sub>: Asit<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Bu durumda cevap D \u015f\u0131kk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Oksitler\">Oksitler<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Herhangi bir <strong><em>elementin oksijen <\/em><\/strong>ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong><em>bile\u015fi\u011fe <\/em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">oksit bile\u015fi\u011fi<\/span><\/strong> denir.<\/li><li>Oksit bile\u015fiklerinde yaln\u0131z <strong><em>iki \u00e7e\u015fit element olur<\/em><\/strong>; bu iki elementten <strong><em>biri <\/em><\/strong>her zaman <strong><em>oksijendir<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 oksit bile\u015fikleri verimi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>CaO (Kalsiyum oksit)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Na<sub>2<\/sub>O (Sodyum oksit)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>CO<sub>2<\/sub> (Karbon dioksit)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>SO<sub>2<\/sub> (K\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub> (Diazot pentaoksit)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Ornek-4\">\u00d6rnek:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I) Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub><br>II) HNO<sub>3<\/sub><br>III) H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yukar\u0131da verilenlerden hangileri bir oksit bile\u015fi\u011fidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A) Yaln\u0131z I<br>B) Yaln\u0131z II<br>C) Yaln\u0131z III<br>D) I ve III<br>E) I, II ve III<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(41,106,54,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">Cevab\u0131 g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">Cevap<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-huge-font-size\"><strong>D<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bod-modal-block bod-block-popup align-left\"><button type=\"button\" style=\"background-color:rgba(132,77,77,1);color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-block-popup-trigger type_btn bod-btn\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ster<\/button><div style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.69)\" class=\"bod-block-popup-overlay\" data-disabled-overlay-close=\"false\"><\/div><div role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"\" aria-describedby=\"\" class=\"bod-block-popup-wrap undefined\"><div style=\"background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px \" class=\"bod-block-popup size-m\"><div id=\"\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"bod-modal-title\"><h2 style=\"color:#000000\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h2><\/div> <div id=\"\" class=\"bod-modal-content\">\n<p>Oksit bile\u015fiklerinde iki \u00e7e\u015fit element olur. Bu elementlerin biri her zaman oksijendir.<br><br>I) Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> : Demirin oksidir.<br>II) HNO<sub>3<\/sub> : Oksit de\u011fildir. 3 t\u00fcr element vard\u0131r.<br>III) H<sub>2<\/sub>O : Okisttir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Cevap: D<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"bod-block-popup-closer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Oksit bile\u015fikleri de kendi aralar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131flara ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<ol><li>Asidik Oksitler<\/li><li>Bazik Oksitler<\/li><li>N\u00f6t\u00fcr Oksitler<\/li><li>Amfoter Oksitler<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Bazik_Oksitler\">Bazik Oksitler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>Metallerin oksitleri<\/em><\/strong> bazik oksitlerdir.<\/li><li>Bazik oksitlere <strong><em>&#8220;susuz bazlar&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> da denir.<\/li><li><strong><em>Suyla <\/em><\/strong>tepkimeye girerek <strong><em>bazlar\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Bazik oksitler, bazlar gibi, <strong><em>suya OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/em> <\/strong>iyonu <strong><em>verirler<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Ca ve Na elementleri metal olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in; CaO ve Na<sub>2<\/sub>O oksitleri baziktir ve suya hidroksil iyonu verirler. Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimeleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ddf2ff\">CaO<sub>(k)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + 2OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><br>Na<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(k)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 2Na<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + 2OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bazik oksitler, bazlar gibi davran\u0131rlar.<\/li><li>Bazik oksitler, <strong><em>asitlerle <\/em><\/strong>tepkimeye girerek <strong><em>tuz ve su olu\u015ftururlar<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asidik_Oksitler\">Asidik Oksitler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/periyodik-sistem\/#Ametaller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ametallerin<\/a>, <strong><em>oksijeni <\/em><\/strong>daha <strong><em>fazla <\/em><\/strong>olan oksitleri asidiktir. Yani asidik oksitlerin molek\u00fcl form\u00fcllerinde, oksijen say\u0131s\u0131 ametal say\u0131s\u0131ndan fazla olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li><strong><em>&#8220;Susuz asitler&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> olarak da bilinirler.<\/li><li><strong><em>Suyla <\/em><\/strong>tepkimeye girerek, <strong><em>asitleri <\/em><\/strong>olu\u015ftururlar.<\/li><li>Asitler gibi suya H<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu verirler.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, asidik oksitlere \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CO<sub>2<\/sub> (Karbon dioksit)<\/li><li>SO<sub>2<\/sub> (K\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit)<\/li><li>N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub> (Diazot pentaoksit)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Oksijen say\u0131s\u0131, ametalin say\u0131s\u0131ndan fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu oksitlerin hepsi asidik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimeleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e4f5ff\">CO<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 2H<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + CO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><br>SO<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 2H<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + SO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><br>N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5(g)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 2H<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub> + 2NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asidik oksitler, <strong><em>asitler gibi davran\u0131rlar<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Asidik oksitler, <strong><em>bazlarla <\/em><\/strong>tepkimeye girerek <strong><em>tuz ve su olu\u015ftururlar<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Notur_Oksitler\">N\u00f6t\u00fcr Oksitler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00f6t\u00fcr oksitler de t\u0131pk\u0131 asidik oksitler gibi <a href=\"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/tyt-kimya\/atom-ve-periyodik-sistem\/periyodik-sistem\/#Ametaller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ametallerin<\/a> oksitleridir.<\/li><li>Fakat; n\u00f6t\u00fcr oksitlerde, <strong><em>oksijen say\u0131s\u0131<\/em><\/strong> ametal say\u0131s\u0131ndan <strong><em>fazla de\u011fildir<\/em><\/strong>. Oksijen say\u0131s\u0131 ya ametal say\u0131s\u0131na <strong><em>e\u015fit ya da daha azd\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da n\u00f6t\u00fcr oksitlere \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CO (Karbon monoksit)<\/li><li>NO (Azot monoksit)<\/li><li>N<sub>2<\/sub>O (Diazot monoksit)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00f6t\u00fcr oksitler, <strong><em>asit ya da baz \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermezler<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong><em>Asit <\/em><\/strong>ya da <strong><em>bazlarla <\/em><\/strong>ya da <strong><em>suyla <\/em><\/strong>tepkimeye <strong><em>girmezler<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Amfoter_Oksitler\">Amfoter Oksitler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir madde <strong><em>amfoter <\/em><\/strong>ise, o madde <strong><em>hem asidik hem de bazik<\/em><\/strong> \u00f6zellik g\u00f6steriyor demektir.<\/li><li>Amfoter oksitler de, hem asidik hem bazik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6steren oksitlerdir.<\/li><li><em><strong>Su<\/strong><\/em> bir <strong><em>amfoter <\/em><\/strong>oksittir.<\/li><li><strong><em>Amfoter metallerin oksitleri<\/em><\/strong>, amfoter oksittir.<\/li><li><strong><em>Amfoter metaller<\/em><\/strong> \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>Al (Al\u00fcminyum)<\/li><li>Cr (Krom)<\/li><li>Pb (Kur\u015fun)<\/li><li>Sn (Kalay)<\/li><li>Zn (\u00c7inko)<\/li><li>Be (Berilyum)<\/li><li><em>Amfoter oksitleri \u015f\u00f6yle ezberleyebilirsiniz: <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>Al<\/strong><\/span>i <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">C<\/span><\/strong>e<strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">r<\/span><\/strong>enin <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">P<\/span><\/strong>a<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>b<\/strong><\/span>ucunu <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">S<\/span><\/strong>e<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>n<\/strong><\/span>inki <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Z<\/span><\/strong>a<strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">n<\/span><\/strong>netti <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Be<\/span><\/strong>t\u00fcl<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Amfoter oksitler \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> (Al\u00fcminyum oksit)<\/li><li>Cr<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> (Krom -III- oksit)<\/li><li>PbO<sub>2<\/sub> (Kur\u015fun -IV- oksit)<\/li><li>SnO<sub>2<\/sub> (Kalay -IV- oksit)<\/li><li>ZnO (\u00c7inko oksit)<\/li><li>BeO (Berilyum oksit)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Amfoter oksitler; <strong><em>asitlerle ve bazlarla tepkimeye girerler<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>Amfoter oksitler; <strong><em>suyla tepkimeye girmezler<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Konu_Ozeti\">Konu \u00d6zeti<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u00fcnitenin, <strong>Asitler ve Bazlar<\/strong> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, bilmemiz gerekenler k\u0131saca \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asitler ve bazlar iki \u00f6nemli bile\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Asitlerin genel \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>Asitlerin tad\u0131 ek\u015fidir. (Asit kelimesinin anlam\u0131 da zaten \u201cek\u015fi\u201ddir.)<\/li><li>Genellikle suda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletir.<\/li><li>Mavi turnusol k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n rengini k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya \u00e7evirir.<\/li><li>Asitler bazlarla tepkimeye girerek tuz olu\u015fturur.<\/li><li>Asitler a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. Ciltle temas ettiklerinde yak\u0131c\u0131 etki g\u00f6sterir.<\/li><li>Asitler, karbonatl\u0131 bile\u015fiklere etki ederek CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<br>CaCO<sub>3(k)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ 2HCl<sub>(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 CaCl<sub>2(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ CO<sub>2(g)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li><li>Asitler, b\u00fct\u00fcn aktif metallerle (Mg, Fe, Zn gibi) tepkimeye girerek hidrojen gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur.<br>2HCl<sub>(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ Zn<sub>(k)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 ZnCl<sub>2(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/li><li>Asitler a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve tahri\u015f edici \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Bazlar\u0131n genel \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<ul><li>Bazlar\u0131n tad\u0131 ac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Bazlara, \u201c<em>alkali maddeler<\/em>\u201d de denir.<\/li><li>Bazlar, ciltte kayganl\u0131k hissi olu\u015fturur.<\/li><li>Genellikle suda iyonlar\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015farak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletir.<\/li><li>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 turnusol k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n rengini maviye \u00e7evirir.<\/li><li>Bazlar asitler ile reaksiyona girerek n\u00f6tralle\u015fme tepkimesi verir.<\/li><li>Bazlar, \u201c<em>amfoter metallerle<\/em>\u201d reaksiyona girerek hidrojen gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur. Amfoter metaller be\u015f tanedir:<ol><li>\u00c7inko (Zn)<\/li><li>Krom (Cr)<\/li><li>Al\u00fcminyum (Al)<\/li><li>Kur\u015fun (Pb)<\/li><li>Kalay (Sn)<\/li><li>Berilyum (Be))<\/li><\/ol><\/li><li>Bazlar da t\u0131pk\u0131 asitler gibi a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve tahri\u015f edicidiler.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asit_8211_Baz_Ornekleri\">Asit &#8211; Baz \u00d6rnekleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Baz\u0131 asit \u00f6rnekleri:<ul><li>Elma asidi: Malik asit<\/li><li>\u00c7ilek asidi: Folik asit<\/li><li>\u00dcz\u00fcm asidi: Tartarik asit<\/li><li>Limon ve portakal asidi: Sitrik asit<\/li><li>Zeytin asidi: Oleik asit<\/li><li>Is\u0131rgan otunda formik asit vard\u0131r. Is\u0131rgan otunun \u0131s\u0131rmas\u0131 bu y\u00fczden yakar.<\/li><li>Kar\u0131ncalarda da formik asit vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>S\u00fctte laktik asit vard\u0131r. S\u00fct bayatlad\u0131k\u00e7a laktik asit oran\u0131 artar.<\/li><li>Gazozda ve b\u00fct\u00fcn gazl\u0131 i\u00e7eceklerde karbonik asit vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>Araba ak\u00fclerinde s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi vard\u0131r.<\/li><li>HCl: Hidroklorik asit (Hidrojen klor\u00fcr)<\/li><li>HBr: Hidrojen brom\u00fcr<\/li><li>HF: Hidrojen flor\u00fcr<\/li><li>HNO<sub>3<\/sub>: Nitrik asit (Kezzap)<\/li><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>: S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit (Za\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131)<\/li><li>H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>: Korbonik asit<\/li><li>CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH: Asetik asit (sirke)<\/li><li>H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub>: Fosforik asit<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Baz\u0131 baz \u00f6rnekleri:<ul><li>Sabunlar<\/li><li>Deterjanlar<\/li><li>\u015eampuanlar<\/li><li>Di\u015f macunu<\/li><li>Kire\u00e7<\/li><li>\u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r sodas\u0131<\/li><li>K\u00fcl (Odun veya k\u00f6m\u00fcr k\u00fcl\u00fc)<\/li><li>Kabartma tozu (Karbonat)<\/li><li>\u015eampuan<\/li><li>Sodalar<\/li><li>Ya\u011f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler<\/li><li>Lavabo a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131s\u0131<\/li><li>Mermer<\/li><li>NaOH: Sodyum hidroksit (Sud kostik)<\/li><li>KOH: Potasyum hidroksit (Potas kostik)<\/li><li>NH<sub>3<\/sub>: Amonyak<\/li><li>Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>: Kalsiyum hidroksit<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Indikatorler-3\">\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0130ndikat\u00f6rler, asit ve bazlar\u0131 tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan organik maddelerdir.<\/li><li>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 lahana suyu, g\u00fcl suyu, \u00e7ay gibi maddeler do\u011fal indikat\u00f6rlerdir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"pH\">pH<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u00fct\u00fcn sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde H<sup>+1<\/sup> ve OH<sup>-1<\/sup> iyonlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. H<sup>+1 <\/sup>say\u0131s\u0131 daha \u00e7ok olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler asit, OH<sup>-1<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131 daha \u00e7ok olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler baz, ikisi birbirine e\u015fit olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler n\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/li><li>pH, \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki H<sup>+1<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131ndan hesaplan\u0131r.<\/li><li>Asit ve baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin pH de\u011ferleri 0 ile 14 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/li><li>pH de\u011feri 7 olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler n\u00f6t\u00fcr, 7&#8217;den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler asit, 7&#8217;den b\u00fcy\u00fck olan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ise baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltileridir.<\/li><li>pH ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131, renk deseni yard\u0131m\u0131 ile bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011ferini \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan bir ka\u011f\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asite_ve_Bazlarin_Suda_Cozunme_Tepkimeleri\">Asite ve Bazlar\u0131n Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme Tepkimeleri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asitlerin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimelerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda suya H<sup>+<\/sup> veya H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu verdiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<br>HCl<sub>(s)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)&nbsp;<\/sub>+ Cl<sup>\u2013<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>Bazlar\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimelerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da suya OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> iyonu verdiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<br>NaOH<sub>(k)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 Na<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>Amonyak (NH<sub>3<\/sub>) istisnai bir bazd\u0131r. Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme tepkimesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<br>NH<sub>3(g)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup><sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><li>Alkoller, form\u00fcllerinde OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> bulundursalar da baz bile\u015fikleri de\u011fillerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc suya OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> veremezler:<br>C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH<sub>(s)<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(s)<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH<sub>(suda)<\/sub><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Asidik_ve_Bazik_Oksitler\">Asidik ve Bazik Oksitler<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Oksit bile\u015fikleri bir elementin sadece oksijen ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bile\u015fiklerdir.<\/li><li>Metallerin oksitleri bazik oksitlerdir: CaO, Na<sub>2<\/sub>O&#8230;<\/li><li>Ametallerin oksijeni daha fazla olan oksitleri asidik oksitlerdir: CO<sub>2<\/sub>, SO<sub>2<\/sub>, N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>&#8230;<\/li><li>Ametallerin, oksijeni daha fazla olmayan okstileri n\u00f6t\u00fcr oksitlerdir: N<sub>2<\/sub>O, CO, NO&#8230;<\/li><li>Bazik oksitler, su ile tepkimeye girerek bazlar\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar ve suya OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup> iyonu verirler.<\/li><li>Asidik oksitler, su ile tepkimeye girerek asitleri olu\u015ftururlar ve suya H<sup>+<\/sup> iyonu verirler.<\/li><li>N\u00f6t\u00fcr oksitler asit ya da bazlarla tepkimeye girmezler ve asidik ya da bazik karakterleri yoktur.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sevgili \u00f6\u011frencim, asitler ve bazlar dersinde, asitleri ve bazlar\u0131 tan\u0131ma yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulaca\u011f\u0131z. Asitleri ve bazlar\u0131; tad\u0131ndan ya da bir indikat\u00f6r yard\u0131m\u0131 ile ya da ambalaj\u0131na bakarak nas\u0131l tan\u0131yabilece\u011fimizi g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Asit ve bazlar\u0131 tan\u0131man\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken, bir \u00e7ok asit ve baz\u0131 da \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[224],"tags":[99],"class_list":["post-1642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asitler-bazlar-ve-tuzlar","tag-asitler-ve-bazlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1642"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitecenneti.com\/kimya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}